N^ϵ‐Carboxymethyllysine Increases the Expression of miR‐103/143 and Enhances Lipid Accumulation in 3T3‐L1 Cells

Abstract

Advanced glycation endproducts, formed in vivo, but also by the Maillard reaction upon thermal treatment of foods, have been associated with the progression of pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus. In addition to the accumulation with age, exogenous AGEs are introduced into the circulation from dietary sources. In this study, we investigated the effects of addition of free Nϵ‐carboxymethyllysine (CML), a well‐characterized product of the Maillard reaction, on adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Treatment with 5, 50, or 500 μM CML resulted in increased lipid accumulation to similar extents, by 11.5 ± 12.6%, 12.9 ± 8.6%, and 12.8 ± 8.5%, respectively. Long‐term treatment with 500 μM CML during adipogenesis resulted in increases in miR‐103 and miR‐143 levels, two miRNAs described to be involved in impaired glucose homeostasis and increased lipid accumulation. Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with these miRNAs, consisting of Akt1, PI3k, and Cav1 was regulated by CML. Short‐term treatment of mature 3T3‐L1 adipocytes with CML resulted in decreased basal glucose uptake. These results, indicate that the addition of protein‐free CML to 3T3‐L1 cells influence parameters associated with adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis at transcriptional, and functional level; this indicates that free CML derived from exogenous sources, in addition to protein‐bound CML may be relevant in this context. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2413–2422, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Maillard Reaction Products in Intestinal Inflammation: Are We What We Eat?

“…CML induces endoplasmic reticulum stress injuring cells via different pathways that could partly explain this phenomenon [4]. Moreover, the study revealed that weight change inversely correlated with food intake by mice, consistent with metabolic changes associated with chronic consumption of CML, supported by an in vitro study [5] in which CML impaired basal glucose uptake while enhancing lipid accumulation in adipocytes.…”

MicroRNA‑144 attenuates cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting FOXO1

“…miRNAs have been demonstrated to affect processes such as cell apoptosis, glucose and lipid metabolism, signal transduction (12). For instance, miR-146b prevents cardiomyocyte injury in myocardial I/R by targeting mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (13).…”

Effects of miR-103 by negatively regulating SATB2 on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

“…For example, Croizier et al [28] demonstrated that miR-103/107 signal controls developmental switch of proopiomelanocortin progenitors into neuropeptide Y neurons and impacts glucose homeostasis. In another study, Holik and his team [29] reported that n(�)-carboxymethyllysine promotes the miR-103/143 expression and enhances lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, recent study reported that shenmai injection improves the postoperative immune function by inhibiting differentiation into Treg cells via miR-103/GPER1 axis [30].…”