N⁶ -(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine from Cordyceps cicadae protects against diabetic kidney disease via alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation

Abstract

This study investigated the kidney‐protective ability of N6‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐adenosine (HEA) in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in the rats by the administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, i.p) and treated with HEA for 6 weeks. Diabetic rats displayed marked increase in blood glucose, serum creatinine (Scr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), in addition to high excretion of urinary protein and albumin. Furthermore, diabetic rats showed decreased renal levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as renal concentrations of pro‐inflammatory mediators (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TGF‐β1). Treatment of diabetic rats with HEA (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly increased the renal antioxidant level, reduced the levels of blood glucose, Scr, BUN, urinary protein, albumin, and pro‐inflammatory mediators in a dose‐dependent fashion. Histological evaluation of the kidney of diabetic rats indicated that HEA also ameliorated glomerular and tubular changes. Practical applications HEA is a bioactive constituent isolated from Cordyceps cicadae and has been shown to possess antihyperglycemic, kidney protective, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory effects in diabetic rats. HEA stimulated the antioxidant enzymes’ activities in the kidney tissues as well as reduced pro‐inflammatory mediators, indicating its antidiabetic and renoprotective effects in diabetic models. The results showed that HEA attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation in kidney tissues.

Cordyceps cicadae Mycelia Ameliorate Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK and Activating the HO-1/Nrf2 and Sirt-1/AMPK Pathways in Mice

“…Cordyceps cicadae, also known as the "cicada flower," is a parasitic fungus belonging to the family Clavicipitaceae which grows mostly on the larvae of Cicada flammata Dist. It has similar medical properties and effects to C. sinensis [16]. C. cicadae has been documented in many Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of palpitations, epilepsy, convulsions, and several eye diseases.…”

“…C. cicadae has been documented in many Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of palpitations, epilepsy, convulsions, and several eye diseases. Recently, C. cicadae has been shown to have a variety of pharmacological activities, including renal interstitial fibrosis, antihypoglycemia, antitumor, antianalgesic, anti-inflammatory, antifatigue, and immunoregulatory effects [16]. Adenosine and N6-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA) are the main active components of C. cicadae.…”

Fatty Acids and Sterol Rich Stem Back Extract of Shorea Roxburghii Attenuates Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats

“…Increased concentrations of serum creatinine and BUN could serve as important indicators of renal health. [35,36] Creatinine is mostly located in the skeletal muscle, the main site of insulin action and glucose disposal. The levels of serum creatinine have been proposed to the relative to the body and muscle mass.…”

N6-2-hydroxyethyl-adenosine ameliorate cisplatin induced acute kidney injury in mice

“…The mice were sacrificed three days after CP administration, blood and kidney tissues were collected for further experiments. Doses of HEA and CP used in this study were selected based on previous studies (Guo et al 2018;Wang et al 2019;Jin et al 2020).…”

“…HEA has been demonstrated to manifest a host of pharmacological properties including antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, renal protective, neuroprotective, Ca 2+ antagonist, radiation resistance and analgesic activities. For instance, HEA protected against H 2 O 2 and LPS induced oxidative toxicity as well as renal interstitial fibrosis through its anti-oxidation and antiinflammatory effect (Lu et al 2015;Zheng et al 2018;Wang et al 2019;Zhang et al 2019). However, the potential protective effect of HEA on cisplatininduced nephrotoxicity have not been explored.…”