'n Perseptuele verslag van Afrikaans in Namibië: Tussen lingua franca en sosiaal-ekslusiewe taal

Stell, Gerald; Groenewald, Gerald

doi:10.17159/2224-7912/2016/v56n4-2a3

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The contrasts between the Afrikaners and Basters/Coloureds generally echo the observations made by Wissing (2013;2014b) on South Africa's White and Coloured Afrikaans varieties. They also mirror social and ideological fault lines within Namibia's Afrikaans speech community as described in Stell and Groenewald (2016). Some of the contrasts between the Basters and Coloureds could tentatively be explained as a function of the more urban character of the latter and their accordingly higher exposure to Afrikaner varieties.…”

Section: Phonetic Variation In L1 Afrikaans Varietiesmentioning

confidence: 54%

Indigenization in a downgraded continuum: Ideologies behind phonetic variation in Namibian Afrikaans

Stell

2020

International Journal of the Sociology of Language

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This study generally looks at indigenization in languages historically introduced and promoted by colonial regimes. The case study that it presents involves Namibia, a Subsaharan African country formerly administered by South Africa, where Afrikaans was the dominant official language before being replaced by English upon independence. Afrikaans in Namibia still functions as an informal urban lingua franca while being spoken as a native language by substantial White and Coloured minorities. To what extent does the downranking of Afrikaans in Namibia co-occur with divergence from standard models historically located in South Africa? To answer this question, the study identifies variation patterns in Namibian Afrikaans phonetic data elicited from ethnically diverse young urban informants and links these patterns with perceptions and language ideologies. The phonetic data reveal divergence between Whites and Non-Whites and some convergence among Black L2 Afrikaans-speakers with Coloured varieties, while suggesting that a distinctive Black variety is emerging. The observed trends generally reflect perceived ethnoracial distinctions and segregation. They must be read against the background of shifting inter-group power relations and sociolinguistic prestige norms in independent Namibia, as well as of emergent ethnically inclusive Black urban identities.

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Section: Phonetic Variation In L1 Afrikaans Varietiesmentioning

confidence: 54%

Indigenization in a downgraded continuum: Ideologies behind phonetic variation in Namibian Afrikaans

Stell

2020

International Journal of the Sociology of Language

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“…Groenewald (2010) meld egter dat Afrikaans 20 jaar ná onafhanklikwording steeds die status van lingua franca in Namibië behou, ten spyte van 'n veranderde politieke klimaat. Stell en Groenewald (2016) het bevind dat Afrikaans in Namibiese stedelike kontekste aansienlike bedekte prestige besit as 'n medium vir interetniese kommunikasie, asook dat Engels tipies gebruik word binne formele kontekste en vir kommunikasie met onlangse migrante uit die noordelike distrikte, waar Afrikaans histories minder sigbaar is. Verder beweer Stell en Groenewald (2016:1130): Die posisie van Afrikaans as 'n lingua franca kan in die toekoms bedreig word deur ononderbroke migrasiestrome uit die noorde.…”

Section: An Exploration and Comparison Of Attitudes And Perceptions R...unclassified

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2024

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Game theory, a significant field in mathematics and economics, originated in 1944 through the work of John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern (Myerson 1999). It was further developed by John Nash in 1950 with the Nash equilibrium concept. The essence of game theory is the systematic study of strategic interactions among various entities, aiming to deepen our understanding of the world, similar to other theories.In game theory, individuals are expected to behave in certain ways, with specific goals and strategies to achieve these goals, allowing for prediction in given situations. It focuses on interactions within a group where each individual's actions affect the collective outcome. The theory involves scenarios where entities (players) interact in different contexts, influencing each player's strategy and outcomes. It distinguishes between cooperative games, where players can communicate and collaborate, and non-cooperative games, where such collaboration is absent.Key components of a game include a finite number of players, a set of rules, a finite set of moves or choices, and a numerical payoff. Players can be humans, groups, or impersonal entities like computer programs. Each game concludes with a set number of moves, leading to a final outcome and associated rewards for participants. The theory entails analysing players' actions and their effects on others' rewards. Strategies can be pure (unaffected by opponents' strategies) or mixed (including probabilities regarding pure strategies). In two-person zero-sum games, one player's gain is equal to the other's loss, while non-zero-sum games do not have such constraints. Players' strategies can vary based on their profiles, including personality, beliefs, circumstances, and available rewards.

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“…In the decade preceding independence, the population groups most familiar with English were the whites, followed by the Caprivians, Basters, and (Cape) Coloureds (Prinsloo et al 1982). In 1990, the SWAPO government made English Namibia’s only official language and main medium of instruction at the expense of Afrikaans, which was dismissed as a “colonial language.” Since then, English has been increasingly performing lingua franca functions that had been previously performed by Afrikaans (Stell 2014; Stell & Groenewald 2016). Looking at Namibian English vowel systems, Stell (forthcoming) argues that Afrikaners and Coloureds still partly orient towards White South African English (“WSAfE”) models while Blacks are developing an autonomous variety possibly marked by indigenous L1 vowel systems.…”

Section: Namibia and English: Sociolinguistic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact and Innovation in New Englishes: Ethnic Neutrality in Namibianfaceandgoat

Stell

2022

Journal of English Linguistics

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This study examines acoustic data from Namibian English to gain insights into how substrates may impact the formation of New Englishes. To this end, the study singles out the Namibian English vowels face and goat, following the assumption that they could be realized as either diphthongs or monophthongs depending on which Namibian language the speaker has as a native language. Based on a sample of face and goat vowels elicited together with their equivalents in several Namibian languages, the study shows that influence from Namibian native languages in face-goat realizations is more likely among the members of the demographically dominant ethnolinguistic group, as well as among men in general. Another significant finding is that, irrespective of the vowel systems of their native languages, specific ethnolinguistic groups tend to converge with the monophthongizing face-goat variants encountered in the demographically dominant ethnolinguistic group. The study’s general conclusion is that New Englishes can develop ethnically neutral varieties whose emergence seems to follow the general principles of new-dialect formation.

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'n Perseptuele verslag van Afrikaans in Namibië: Tussen lingua franca en sosiaal-ekslusiewe taal

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Indigenization in a downgraded continuum: Ideologies behind phonetic variation in Namibian Afrikaans

Indigenization in a downgraded continuum: Ideologies behind phonetic variation in Namibian Afrikaans

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Contact and Innovation in New Englishes: Ethnic Neutrality in Namibianfaceandgoat

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