N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide transformation in river water

The role of direct photolysis and indirect photochemistry in the environmental fate of ethylhexyl methoxy cinnamate (EHMC) in surface waters

“…In particular, in addition to identifying the compounds formed upon direct photolysis of the substrate, the environmental photodegradation was also simulated by the use of heterogeneous photocatalysis with titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ). The latter approach allows the generation of TPs that are similar to those formed by photochemical processes in the environment, as documented in several studies (Calza et al, 2010(Calza et al, , 2011Konstantinou et al, 2001;Kouloumbos et al, 2003), and it is particularly suitable for TPs identification.…”

Determination of personal care products and hormones in leachate and groundwater from Polish MSW landfills by ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction and GC-MS

“…MP, EP, PP, BP, and BPh were found in different environmental samples: tap water, surface water, and influent and effluent wastewater (Trenholm et al 2008 ; Regueiro et al 2009b ; Casas Ferreira et al 2010 ; Gracia-Lor et al 2012 ; Kotowska et al 2013 ; Zhang and Lee 2013 ). DEET was found in river water, sea water, and wastewater samples (Trenholm et al 2008 ; Calza et al 2011 ; Kotowska et al 2013 ; Loos et al 2013 ). E1 and E2 were detected in river water and influent and effluent wastewater samples (Kumar et al 2009 ; Kotowska et al 2013 ).…”

“…Determination of the hormones and PCPs in environmental samples is a very difficult task due to their low concentrations and complex matrix of the substances. In most of cases, these contaminants are present at levels of several nanograms per liter to several micrograms per liter (Trenholm et al 2008 ; Calza et al 2011 ; Gracia-Lor et al 2012 ; Liu et al 2012 ). Only in the last decades has been developed the analytical methods for the determination of compounds present in the environment in ultratrace quantities.…”

“…Only in the last decades has been developed the analytical methods for the determination of compounds present in the environment in ultratrace quantities. The most extensively used technique for the isolation of the EDCs from the environmental samples is the solid-phase extraction (SPE) (Trenholm et al 2008 ; Calza et al 2011 ; Gracia-Lor et al 2012 ; Liu et al 2012 ; Loos et al 2013 ). However, application of SPE is time-consuming and labor-intensive and needs a quite large amount of organic solvents, specially comparing with microextraction techniques.…”

Aerobic microbial transformation of pesticides in surface water

“…In the case of deet (17), moderate biodegradation in river water was observed with formation of various products via oxidation, showing the involvement of a different mechanism from (16). 101) A wide range of biodegradation was reported for urea herbicides, depending on their chemical structure, concentration, and surface water used. Fenuron (28) and monuron (29) at 10 ppb were completely degraded in river water for 8 weeks without any detection of the corresponding anilines, 88) while those at 1 ppm gave half-lives of 5 months and 2 years, respectively.…”