N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists in improving cognitive deficits following traumatic brain injury: a systematic review

Khormali, Moein; Heidari, Sama; Ahmadi, Seyed Hossein; Bafrani, Melika Arab; Baigi, Vali; Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi

doi:10.1080/02699052.2022.2109749

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Despite the promising results of the study, as we focused on According to a suggestive origin of injury in patients with COVID-19-related anosmia, pharmacologic, or nonpharmacologic therapies to increase NAA levels using electroconvulsive therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and physical exercise or short-course pharmacological therapies with lithium, valproate, or antipsychotics could be tried in these patients as they can lead to a widespread increase in brain NAA levels. 24,25 CONCLUSIONS MRS is an exciting and novel approach for evaluating prolonged olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19-related anosmia. However, it is still not entirely clear that abnormalities in the CNS are the cause or the effect of olfactory loss due to COVID-19 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to a suggestive origin of injury in patients with COVID‐19‐related anosmia, pharmacologic, or nonpharmacologic therapies to increase NAA levels using electroconvulsive therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and physical exercise or short‐course pharmacological therapies with lithium, valproate, or antipsychotics could be tried in these patients as they can lead to a widespread increase in brain NAA levels 24,25 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings of brain olfactory areas in patients with COVID‐19‐related anosmia: A preliminary comparative study

Nemati,

Haghani Dogahe,

Saberi

et al. 2023

World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg.

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Objectives2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) infection is commonly associated with olfactory dysfunctions, but the basic pathogenesis of these complications remains controversial. This study seeks to evaluate the value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in determining the molecular neurometabolite alterations within the main brain olfactory areas in patients with COVID‐19‐related anosmia.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, seven patients with persistent COVID‐19‐related anosmia (mean age: 29.57 years) and seven healthy volunteers (mean age: 27.28 years) underwent MRS in which N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and their ratios were measured in the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), insular cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Data were analyzed using TARQUIN software (version 4.3.10), and the results were compared with an independent sample t‐test and nonparametric Mann–Whitney test based on the normality of the MRS data distribution.ResultsThe mean duration of anosmia before imaging was 8.5 months in COVID‐19‐related anosmia group. MRS analysis elucidated a significant association between MRS findings within OFC and COVID‐19‐related anosmia (Pdisease < 0.01), and NAA was among the most important neurometabolites (Pinteraction = 0.006). Reduced levels of NAA (P < 0.001), Cr (P < 0.001) and NAA/Cho ratio (P = 0.007) within OFC characterize COVID‐19‐related anosmia.ConclusionsThis study emphasizes that MRS can be illuminating in COVID‐19‐related anosmia and indicates a possible association between central nervous system impairment and persistent COVID‐19‐related anosmia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings of brain olfactory areas in patients with COVID‐19‐related anosmia: A preliminary comparative study

Nemati,

Haghani Dogahe,

Saberi

et al. 2023

World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg.

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“…For example, previous work has linked GR to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity in the hippocampus, which is known to contribute to TBI-induced excitotoxicity and cognitive deficits (Zhang et al, 2012 ; Baracaldo-Santamaría et al, 2022 ). NMDAR agonists have shown promise in improving cognition after TBI, but extensive issues regarding their safety and efficacy have limited their therapeutic potential and stalled clinical studies (Khormali et al, 2022 ; Hanson et al, 2024 ). A closer look at the role of GR in activity of NMDAR and other surface receptors may shed light on previously unexplored mechanisms of excitotoxicity after TBI.…”

Section: Stress and Tbi Activate Glucocorticoid Receptor Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context is key: glucocorticoid receptor and corticosteroid therapeutics in outcomes after traumatic brain injury

Taylor,

Kokiko-Cochran

2024

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health burden, and survivors suffer functional and psychiatric consequences that can persist long after injury. TBI induces a physiological stress response by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, but the effects of injury on the stress response become more complex in the long term. Clinical and experimental evidence suggests long lasting dysfunction of the stress response after TBI. Additionally, pre- and post-injury stress both have negative impacts on outcome following TBI. This bidirectional relationship between stress and injury impedes recovery and exacerbates TBI-induced psychiatric and cognitive dysfunction. Previous clinical and experimental studies have explored the use of synthetic glucocorticoids as a therapeutic for stress-related TBI outcomes, but these have yielded mixed results. Furthermore, long-term steroid treatment is associated with multiple negative side effects. There is a pressing need for alternative approaches that improve stress functionality after TBI. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been identified as a fundamental link between stress and immune responses, and preclinical evidence suggests GR plays an important role in microglia-mediated outcomes after TBI and other neuroinflammatory conditions. In this review, we will summarize GR-mediated stress dysfunction after TBI, highlighting the role of microglia. We will discuss recent studies which target microglial GR in the context of stress and injury, and we suggest that cell-specific GR interventions may be a promising strategy for long-term TBI pathophysiology.

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“…According to a suggestive origin of injury in patients with COVID-19 related anosmia, pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic therapies in order to increase NAA levels using electroconvulsive therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and physical exercise or short-course pharmacological therapies with lithium, valproate, or antipsychotics could be tried in these patients as they can lead to a widespread increase in brain NAA levels 24,25 .…”

Section: Limitations and Comments Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Findings of Brain Olfactory Areas in Patients with COVID-19 Related Anosmia: a Preliminary Comparative Study

Dogahe

Nemati

Saberi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Objectives: COVID-19 infection is commonly associated with olfactory dysfunctions, but the basic pathogenesis of these complications remains controversial. This study seeks to evaluate the value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in determining the molecular neurometabolite alterations within the main brain olfactory areas in patients with COVID-19 related anosmia. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, seven patients with persistent COVID19 related anosmia (mean age: 29.57 years) and seven healthy volunteers (mean age: 27.28 years) underwent MRS in which N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) and their ratios were measured in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), insular cortex (IC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Data were analyzed using TARQUIN software (version 4.3.10), and the results were compared with an independent sample T test and non-parametric Mann-Whitney test based on the normality of the MRS data distribution. Results: The mean duration of anosmia before imaging was 8.5 months. MRS analysis elucidated a significant association between MRS findings within OFC and COVID-19 related anosmia (Pdisease<0.01), and NAA was among the most important neurometabolites (Pinteraction=0.006). Reduced levels of NAA (P<0.001), Cr (P<0.001) and NAA/Cho ratio (p=0.007) within OFC characterize COVID-19 related anosmia. Conclusions: This study emphasizes that MRS can be illuminating in COVID-19 related anosmia and indicates a possible association between central nervous system impairment and persistent COVID-19 related anosmia.

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N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists in improving cognitive deficits following traumatic brain injury: a systematic review

Cited by 5 publications

References 74 publications

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings of brain olfactory areas in patients with COVID‐19‐related anosmia: A preliminary comparative study

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings of brain olfactory areas in patients with COVID‐19‐related anosmia: A preliminary comparative study

Context is key: glucocorticoid receptor and corticosteroid therapeutics in outcomes after traumatic brain injury

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Findings of Brain Olfactory Areas in Patients with COVID-19 Related Anosmia: a Preliminary Comparative Study

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