2011
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.05.016
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N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 suppresses glial pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in morphine-tolerant rats

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Cited by 34 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…7,[9][10][11] Evidences from previous studies suggested that NMDA receptors are involved in the plasticity that arises from the long-term administration of morphine. [20][21][22][23][24] In the present study pretreatment with Magnesium sulfate (20,40 and 60 mg/kg, ip) 30 min before daily Morphine administration reduced tolerance and dependency of Morphine. Chronic Morphine administration induces down regulation of spinal GTs and as a result Morphine-induced GT down regulation would increase the availability of extracellular glutamate.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 46%
“…7,[9][10][11] Evidences from previous studies suggested that NMDA receptors are involved in the plasticity that arises from the long-term administration of morphine. [20][21][22][23][24] In the present study pretreatment with Magnesium sulfate (20,40 and 60 mg/kg, ip) 30 min before daily Morphine administration reduced tolerance and dependency of Morphine. Chronic Morphine administration induces down regulation of spinal GTs and as a result Morphine-induced GT down regulation would increase the availability of extracellular glutamate.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 46%
“…It’s worth stressing that glutamate was released by astrocyte and activated microglia during neuroinflammation [ 38 ]. In the CNS, both in vivo and in vitro, previous studies indicated that the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines can be reduced by NMDAR antagonist MK-801 in morphine-tolerant rats [ 19 ] and by NMDAR1 siRNA in parkinsonian cell models [ 39 ]. Memantine, a well characterized NMDAR antagonist, is used to treat dementia and Parkinson’s disease in clinic [ 40 ], and it also protected neurons from some models of neurological injury such as traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, spinal cord ischemia or neuroinflammation [ 41 , 42 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similar to neurons, mononuclear leukocytes and neutrophils can release glutamate, which can further exacerbate blood brain-barrier-injury [ 12 , 13 ]. Several lines of evidence indicate that NMDARs play an important role in regulating inflammation in neuronal and non-neuronal cells and tissues, such as chronic morphine-induced neuroinflammation, retinal damage, arthritis and cardiac inflammation [ 15 , 17 19 ]. Activation of NMDA receptors can induce acute high-permeability edema in isolated rat lungs [ 20 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the degree of neuroinflammation induced by neuropathy combined with chronic administration in nerve-injured rats was higher compared to the neuroinflammation induced by neuropathy alone (Raghavendra et al 2002). This suggested that neuroinflammation is a common mechanism in both neuropathy-induced and chronic morphine-induced glial activation (Raghavendra et al 2004; Liu et al 2011). In the current study, daily anti-IL-10 and HO-1 antibody injection produced significant pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and attenuated the anti-nociceptive effect of gabapentin in morphine-tolerant neuropathic pain rats.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%