N-halamines from rice straw

Abstract

The cellulosic part of rice straw was modified to develop N-halamine 11 derivatives for disinfection. The process involved cross-linking of the cellulosic material 12 with amino/amide/imide containing compounds; cyclic and acyclic. The structures of the 13 prepared materials were identified using FTIR and solid state 13 CNMR. The modified 14 materials were halogenated to form N-halamines and the antimicrobial activity of each 15 evaluated against examples of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-16 negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) using a variety of methods; agar plate, blended agar, 17 stirred flask and in columns. One of the N-halamines achieved a 9 log reduction against 18 both E. coli and S. aureus in 4 hours. In addition, no S. aureus growth was recorded on 19 agar plates blended with 0.5g of this same material. 20

Heteroaromatization with 4-phenyldiazenyl-1-naphthol. Part II: Synthesis of some new benzochromens, benzochromenopyrimidines, benzochromenotriazolopyrimidines, benzochromenopyrimidotriazepine and antimicrobial activities

“…Nowadays, synthetic azo compounds are widely used in different application fields, such as medicines, cosmetics, food, paints, plastics, shipbuilding, automobile industry, cable manufacture [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Moreover azo compounds are known for their antineoplastics [13], antidiabetics [14], antiseptics [15], antibacterial [16] and antitumor [17].…”

Electrospun non-leaching biocombatible antimicrobial cellulose acetate nanofibrous mats

“…Moreover, N-halamines inactivate bacteria and viruses rapidly without producing antimicrobial resistance. N-halamines have been widely used in textiles, medical devices, and water treatment as antimicrobial materials [10,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…Moreover, N-halamines inactivate bacteria and viruses rapidly without producing antimicrobial resistance. N-halamines have been widely used in textiles, medical devices, and water treatment as antimicrobial materials [10,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22].According to the antibacterial mechanism of N-halamines, bacteria must contact the surface of the antibacterial materials in order to inactivate the bacteria, and the antibacterial efficacy relies on the contact surface area between the bacteria and biocidal materials. N-halamine-based biocidal materials containing larger surface areas can provide more N-halamine functional sites to kill bacteria and improve antibacterial efficacy.…”

Microcrystalline cellulose as a reinforcement agent to cement pastes

“…In spite of the existence of some suggested applications for this waste; paper industry, charcoal production, water treatment and animal food production, still the amount of straw is very big (Mansour et al, 2007;Suramaythangkoor and Gheewala, 2010;Ahmed et al, 2012Ahmed et al, , 2013a. This forces the farmers to burn it which results each year in a black cloud in the sky of some countries like Egypt which produces a serious air pollution problem (Abou Zeid et al, 2008;Garas et al, 2008;Ahmed et al, 2012Ahmed et al, , 2013a. The problem is not only affecting population health but it affects some other sectors, such as tourism and cultural heritage.…”