N-doped graphene quantum dots modified with CuO (0D)/ZnO (1D) heterojunctions as a new nanocatalyst for the environmentally friendly one-pot synthesis of monospiro derivatives

Abstract

A new approach for the sustainable fabrication of a CuO/ZnO@N-GQDs nanocomposite as a powerful nanocatalyst for multicomponent reactions is demonstrated.

Ultrasound-Engineered fabrication of immobilized molybdenum complex on Cross-Linked poly (Ionic Liquid) as a new acidic catalyst for the regioselective synthesis of pharmaceutical polysubstituted spiro compounds

“…On the basis of our previous successful studies on the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds using various catalysts [44] , [45] , [46] , the proposed reaction pathway mechanism for the synthesis of 5a is shown in ( Scheme 3 ). At first, the catalyst facilitated Knoevenagel condensation of isatin and malononitrile for the formation of adduct B (isatylidene malononitrile) through different acidic sites which react with adduct A (pyrazolone) generated through the condensation of hydrazine hydrate and dialkyl acetylene dicarboxylate in a regioselective manner.…”

Solvothermal Fabrication of NiO/Co3O4 Spherical Composites Modified with N‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots as a Catalyst in the Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Spiro[diindenopyridine‐indoline] Triones

“…Based on successful studies, [27,8] the reasonably proposed reaction mechanism for the preparation of 5‐Phenyl‐5H‐spiro[diindeno[1,2‐b:2′,1′‐e]pyridine‐11,3′‐indoline]‐2′,10,12‐trione in the presence of N‐GQDs‐decorated NiO/Co 3 O 4 spherical structures is presented in Scheme 1. It is thought that the carboxyl and the hydroxyl‐rich surface of N‐GQDs decorated NiO/Co 3 O 4 catalyst play a crucial role in catalytic activity and reaction progress.…”

“…Introduction of heteroatom, particularly nitrogen, into the carbon network can disorientate the conjugated electron lattice. Nitrogen doping to GQDs could greatly tune the intrinsic attributes of nanomaterials and improve the catalytic properties [8] . Therefore, fabrication of N‐GQDs has hitherto been reported via various approaches, such as soft‐template, metal‐catalyzed, microwave, liquid exfoliation, hydrothermal, etc [9–11] .…”

Importance of Hybrid Catalysts toward the Synthesis of 5H-Pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2-ones/2,4-diones (Thiones)

“…After a few years, Safaei-Ghomi et al 72 developed spiropyranopyrimidinediones 40 . For this purpose, they used nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) modified with copper oxide (0D)/zinc oxide (1D) as a promoter (10 mol %) and carried out a reaction between derivatives of 24 (1 mmol) with 12 / 12a / 12b (1 mmol) and derivatives of 11 (1 mmol) in water at RT ( Scheme 26 ).…”