The construction of bifunctional electrode materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been a hot topic of research. Herein, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived micro-/nanostructured Ni 2 P/Ni hybrids with a porous carbon coating (denoted as Ni 2 P/Ni@C) are prepared using a feasible pyrolysis-phosphidation strategy. On the one hand, the optimal Ni 2 P/Ni@C catalyst exhibits superior HER performance with a low overpotential of 149 mV versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 10 mA cm −2 and excellent durability. The density functional theory computations verify that the strong synergistic effect between Ni 2 P and Ni could optimize the electronic structure, thus rendering the enhanced electrocatalytic performance. On the other hand, the Ni 2 P/Ni@C electrode displays a reversible capacity of 597 mAh g −1 after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g −1 and improved rate capability as an anode for LIBs, owing to the well-organized micro-/nanostructure and conductive Ni core. In addition, the electrochemical reaction mechanism of the Ni 2 P/Ni@C electrode upon lithiation/delithiation is investigated in detail via ex situ X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods. It is expected that the facile and controllable approach can be extended to fabricate other MOF-based metal phosphides/metal hybrids for electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems.