N‐BGP: An efficient BGP routing protocol adaptation for named data networking

Abstract

Named data networking (NDN) is gaining momentum as a future Internet architecture. NDN is a type of information-centric networking (ICN) that attempts to change the current Internet architecture from host/location-centric to content-centric, where data retrieving is done by the names of the contents irrespective of the location of the data. A mechanism to advertise the namebased prefixes between different domains is necessary to accelerate the NDN deployment. In IP-based routing, border gateway protocol (BGP) is the de facto inter-domain routing protocol that plays a vital role in Internet communication by enabling different Internet domains to exchange routing information.In its current form, BGP can advertise and process IP-based prefixes, but it cannot advertise or process NDN name-based prefixes. Accordingly, BGP needs to be extended to support NDN technology. This paper proposes an NDN extension for BGP, referred to as N-BGP, that offers a solution to exchange name-based routes in the current BGP networks. This proposed extension modifies the traditional BGP speaker into a hybrid one. This hybrid speaker is qualified to understand, advertise, receive, process, and store both IP-based and name-based routes simultaneously and efficiently, without disturbing or breaking the current Internet operation; that is, it can coexist along with traditional speakers. We also validate and evaluate our proposed solution in a hybrid environment, and the results show that N-BGP has the capability to exchange and process both Name and IP-based routes efficiently.border gateway protocol (BGP), information-centric networking (ICN), inter-domain routing, named-data networking (NDN) | INTRODUCTIONBGP is, the inter-domain routing protocol, responsible for exchanging Internet routing information between autonomous systems (ASes), where each AS contains a set of routers under a single administration. 1 However, in its current form, it processes, advertises, and stores IP-based prefixes, but it is not capable of processing, advertising, and storing name-based routes for NDN networks. NDN is one of the prominent information-centric networking (ICN) architectures. Accordingly, to enable the routing of name-based traffic, there are two obvious approaches: develop and implement a new name-based inter-domain routing protocol or evolve the existing BGP protocol to support name-based

Data Structure and Management Protocol to Enhance Name Resolving in Named Data Networking

“…Let us start our scenario with the following assumption: (1) a producer named SQU with the NDN domain name "/om/edu/squ" is located in "AS1", (2) "AS1" and "AS2" administrators are running in their respective domains: "/AS1/PNPS", "/AS2/PNPS", (3) "AS1" and "AS2" are peered using N-BGP [2], and each domain is advertising its own PNPS name, and (4) "C1" and "C2" are three consumers located in "AS1" and "AS2", respectively.…”

“…Named Data Border Gateway Protocol (N-BGP) is a BGP extension that is backward compatible with the existing inter-domain routing protocol. N-BGP conveys, processes, and stores IP-based and name-based routing information between the BGP domains via the N-BGP hybrid speakers [2]. Peer Name Provider (PNP) [3] is a name directory that works as a name resolver and works alongside N-BGP to provide global connectivity between NDN consumers and producers.…”

The New Label Bit Repair Fast Reroute Mechanism

“…FRR [2], [3] are technologies and mechanisms that are designed to minimize network recovery time after a network outage through an alternative pre-calculated route, which helps to minimize connection interruptions and reduce negative impacts on the services provided [4]- [6]. Routing protocols and mechanisms: research focuses on improvements to existing routing protocols such as OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) [7], [8], IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) [9], or BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) [10]- [12], but also on designing new mechanisms IPFRR (Internet Protocol Fast Reroute) [13], which would ensure effective routing [14]and thus minimize outages [4], [15]. Detection and diagnosis of outages: Research work seeks to improve methods and tools for the detection and diagnosis of network outages, which is important for rapid repair and restoration of connectivity [16]- [18].…”