N addition increased microbial residual carbon by altering soil P availability and microbial composition in a subtropical Castanopsis forest

Fan, Yuexin; Yang, Liuming; Zhong, Xuhua; Yang, Zhijie; Lin, Yanyu; Jin, Guo; Chen, Guangshui; Yang, Yusheng

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114470

Cited by 60 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…These results can be explained by the resource allocation theory of enzyme production that N addition inhibits the activity of N-cycling enzymes and increases the activity of other enzymes ( Sinsabaugh and Moorhead, 1994 ; Allison and Vitousek, 2005 ). However, N addition had no significant effect on soil ACP enzyme activity, which is inconsistent with other studies showing that N addition enhances soil phosphatase activity ( Saiya-Cork et al, 2002 ; Wang et al, 2011 ; Fan et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activity and Stoichiometry in Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Forests

Gan

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Soil extracellular enzymes play an important role in microbial functions and soil nutrient cycling in the context of increasing N deposition globally. This is particularly important for Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests because of the decline in soil fertility induced by successive rotation. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of simulated N deposition (N30: 30 kg ha−2 year−1; N60: 60 kg ha−2 year−1) and phosphorus addition (P20: 20 mg kg−1; P40: 40 mg kg−1) on the activity and stoichiometry of soil extracellular enzymes related to soil C, N, and P cycling in Chinese fir. The results showed that N addition alone increased the activity of soil β-1,4 glucosidase (BG) but decreased the activity of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosidase (NAG) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). N addition increased the ratios of soil enzymes, C:N and C:P, alleviated microbial N-limitation, and aggravated microbial C-limitation. P addition alone increased enzyme activity, and P40 addition increased the ratio of BG to soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and (NAG + LAP):MBC activity ratio, thereby aggravating C restriction. N and P co-addition significantly affected soil extracellular enzyme activity and stoichiometry. For instance, BG activity and BG:MBC activity ratio increased significantly under the N30 + P40 treatment, which intensified C-limitation. Soil pH was the main factor influencing enzyme activity, and these variables were positively correlated. The stoichiometric relationships of enzyme reactions were coupled with soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorus (AP). Our results indicate that changes in soil characteristics induced by N and P inputs influence the activities of soil microorganisms and result in changes in microbial resource acquisition strategies. This study provides useful insights into the development of management strategies to improve the productivity of Chinese fir forests under scenarios of increasing N deposition.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activity and Stoichiometry in Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Forests

Gan

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Second, because microbial products (e.g., microbial exudates and necromass) are important precursors for the formation of MAOC (Cotrufo et al, 2015;Kallenbach et al, 2016;Liang et al, 2017), experimental addition of N could affect MAOC by influencing microbial communities. In general, when microbes are N limited, N enrichment would stimulate microbial biomass, thus facilitating the accumulation of necromass (Fan et al, 2020); however, if microbes are not limited by N availability, then N addition should have no effect (Averill & Waring, 2018). Furthermore, N availability has the potential to increase the osmotic potential and availability of toxic metals (e.g., Al 3+ ), which would, to a large extent, restrain microbial respiration and decomposition of microbial products, finally accelerating the accumulation of microbial necromass (Treseder, 2008;Zhang et al, However, it should be noted that while N deposition elevates N availability, it can also cause soil acidification, which was confirmed at both the local and global scales (Chen et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2014;Tian & Niu, 2015;Wan et al, 2021;Ye et al, 2018).…”

Section: Positive Effect Of N Enrichment On the Maoc Poolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen increases soil organic carbon accrual and alters its functionality

Tang

Rocci

Lehmann

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Nitrogen (N) availability has been considered as a critical factor for the cycling and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC), but effects of N enrichment on the SOC pool appear highly variable. Given the complex nature of the SOC pool, recent frameworks suggest that separating this pool into different functional components, for example, particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC), is of great importance for understanding and predicting SOC dynamics. Importantly, little is known about how these N‐induced changes in SOC components (e.g., changes in the ratios among these fractions) would affect the functionality of the SOC pool, given the differences in nutrient density, resistance to disturbance, and turnover time between POC and MAOC pool. Here, we conducted a global meta‐analysis of 803 paired observations from 98 published studies to assess the effect of N addition on these SOC components, and the ratios among these fractions. We found that N addition, on average, significantly increased POC and MAOC pools by 16.4% and 3.7%, respectively. In contrast, both the ratios of MAOC to SOC and MAOC to POC were remarkably decreased by N enrichment (4.1% and 10.1%, respectively). Increases in the POC pool were positively correlated with changes in aboveground plant biomass and with hydrolytic enzymes. However, the positive responses of MAOC to N enrichment were correlated with increases in microbial biomass. Our results suggest that although reactive N deposition could facilitate soil C sequestration to some extent, it might decrease the nutrient density, turnover time, and resistance to disturbance of the SOC pool. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the effects of N enrichment on the SOC pool and its functionality at global scale, which is pivotal for understanding soil C dynamics especially in future scenarios with more frequent and severe perturbations.

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“…The decline in microbial CUE under N loading is consistent with observations that N addition decreases the fungi/bacteria ratios in P‐deficient soils (Chen, Li, et al, 2018; Högberg et al, 2007) because bacteria‐dominated microbial communities often have a lower CUE (Högberg et al, 2007). Lower microbial CUE can reduce necromass, which contributes up to ~80% of SOC (Fan et al, 2020; Luo et al, 2020). Therefore, N loading‐induced P limitation may decrease SOC sequestration by reducing microbial CUE.…”

Section: Impacts Of Microbial Phosphorus‐acquisition Strategies On So...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen loading enhances phosphorus limitation in terrestrial ecosystems with implications for soil carbon cycling

et al. 2022

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Increased human‐derived nitrogen (N) loading in terrestrial ecosystems has caused widespread ecosystem‐level phosphorus (P) limitation. In response, plants and soil micro‐organisms adopt a series of P‐acquisition strategies to offset N loading‐induced P limitation. Many of these strategies impose costs on carbon (C) allocation by plants and soil micro‐organisms; however, it remains unclear how P‐acquisition strategies affect soil C cycling. Herein, we review the literature on the effects of N loading on P limitation and outline a conceptual overview of how plant and microbial P‐acquisition strategies may affect soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization and decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Excessive input of N significantly enhances plant biomass production, soil acidification, and produces plant litterfall with high N/P ratios, which can aggravate ecosystem‐level P limitation. Long‐term N loading can cause plants and soil micro‐organisms to alter their functional traits to increase P acquisition. Plants can release carboxylate exudates and phosphatases, modify root morphological traits, facilitate the formation of symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi and stimulate the abundance of P‐mineralizing and P‐solubilizing micro‐organisms. Releasing carboxylate exudates and phosphatases could accelerate SOC decomposition, whereas changing symbiotic associations and root morphological traits (e.g. an increase in fine root length) may contribute to higher SOC stabilization. Increased relative abundances of P‐mineralizing and P‐solubilizing bacteria can accelerate P mining and SOC decay, which may decrease microbial C use efficiency and subsequently lower SOC sequestration. The trade‐offs between different plant P‐acquisition strategies under N loading should be among future research priorities due to their cascading impacts on soil C storage. Quantifying ecosystem thresholds for P adaption to increased N loading is important because P‐acquisition strategies are effective when N loading is below the N threshold. Moreover, understanding the response of P‐acquisition strategies at different levels of native soil N availability could provide insight to divergent P‐acquisition strategies across sites and ecosystems. Altogether, P‐acquisition strategies should be explicitly considered in Earth System Models to generate more realistic predictions of the effects of N loading on soil C cycling. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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N addition increased microbial residual carbon by altering soil P availability and microbial composition in a subtropical Castanopsis forest

Cited by 60 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activity and Stoichiometry in Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Forests

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activity and Stoichiometry in Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Forests

Nitrogen increases soil organic carbon accrual and alters its functionality

Nitrogen loading enhances phosphorus limitation in terrestrial ecosystems with implications for soil carbon cycling

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