N-Acetylcysteine

Rague, John Michael

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822218-8.00002-8

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Therapy for acetaminophen toxicity. Serves as a prodrug to L-cysteine, a precursor to glutathione [186].…”

Section: N-acetyl Cysteinementioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements Exploring Major Depressive Disorder: Insights on Oxidative Stress, Serotonin Metabolism, BDNF, HPA Axis Dysfunction, and Pharmacotherapy Advances

Correia,

Vale

2024

IJTM

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Major depressive disorder (MDD), a prevalent mental illness, is marked by a complex mixture of biological factors. This review focuses on the roles of oxidative stress, tryptophan-serotonin metabolism, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in MDD’s pathophysiology. Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, is closely linked to MDD’s neurobiological changes. The tryptophan (TRP)-/serotonin (5-HT) metabolic pathway is also known to be crucial in mood regulation, with its dysregulation being a central aspect of MDD. Additionally, BDNF, key for neuronal growth and plasticity, often shows alterations in MDD patients, supporting its role in the disorder’s progression. Furthermore, the HPA axis, which manages stress response, is frequently disrupted in MDD, further contributing to its complex pathology. In addition to exploring these biological mechanisms, this review also explores the pharmacotherapy of MDD, including new advances. These advancements in treatment strategies are crucial for managing MDD effectively. Understanding these mechanisms and the latest pharmacological interventions is essential for developing more effective treatments for MDD.

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“…Therapy for acetaminophen toxicity. Serves as a prodrug to L-cysteine, a precursor to glutathione [186].…”

Section: N-acetyl Cysteinementioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements Exploring Major Depressive Disorder: Insights on Oxidative Stress, Serotonin Metabolism, BDNF, HPA Axis Dysfunction, and Pharmacotherapy Advances

Correia,

Vale

2024

IJTM

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“…NAC is also more soluble and more stable compared to cysteine [27]. Although many OTC NAC products are available as multidose vials of NAC capsules, at least two companies, Zambon Pharma (Italy and US) and BioAdvantex (Canada and US), produce and package NAC in individual-dose packages to minimize exposure to air and thus oxidation [28]. Cetylev ® , an approved oral NAC product, is also an individually packaged effervescent tablet, available in 500 mg or 2.5 g strength.…”

Section: Nac As An Antidote Of Acetaminophen Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-acetylcysteine Pharmacology and Applications in Rare Diseases—Repurposing an Old Antioxidant

2023

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N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of cysteine and, thereby, glutathione (GSH), acts as an antioxidant through a variety of mechanisms, including oxidant scavenging, GSH replenishment, antioxidant signaling, etc. Owing to the variety of proposed targets, NAC has a long history of use as a prescription product and in wide-ranging applications that are off-label as an over-the-counter (OTC) product. Despite its discovery in the early 1960s and its development for various indications, systematic clinical pharmacology explorations of NAC pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamic targets, drug interactions, and dose-ranging are sorely limited. Although there are anecdotal instances of NAC benefits in a variety of diseases, a comprehensive review of the use of NAC in rare diseases does not exist. In this review, we attempt to summarize the existing literature focused on NAC explorations in rare diseases targeting mitochondrial dysfunction along with the history of NAC usage, approved indications, mechanisms of action, safety, and PK characterization. Further, we introduce the research currently underway on other structural derivatives of NAC and acknowledge the continuum of efforts through pre-clinical and clinical research to facilitate further therapeutic development of NAC or its derivatives for rare diseases.

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N-Acetylcysteine

Cited by 2 publications

References 45 publications

Advancements Exploring Major Depressive Disorder: Insights on Oxidative Stress, Serotonin Metabolism, BDNF, HPA Axis Dysfunction, and Pharmacotherapy Advances

Advancements Exploring Major Depressive Disorder: Insights on Oxidative Stress, Serotonin Metabolism, BDNF, HPA Axis Dysfunction, and Pharmacotherapy Advances

N-acetylcysteine Pharmacology and Applications in Rare Diseases—Repurposing an Old Antioxidant

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