N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline: a valuable endogenous anti-fibrotic peptide for combating kidney fibrosis in diabetes

Abstract

Fibroproliferative diseases are responsible for 45% of deaths in the developed world. Curing organ fibrosis is essential for fibroproliferative diseases. Diabetic nephropathy is a common fibroproliferative disease of the kidney and is associated with multiorgan dysfunction. However, therapy to combat diabetic nephropathy has not yet been established. In this review, we discuss the novel therapeutic possibilities for kidney fibrosis in diabetes focusing on the endogenous anti-fibrotic peptide, N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP), which is the substrate for angiotensin-converting enzyme and exhibits meaningful anti-fibrotic effects in various experimental models of fibrotic disease.

N‐acetyl‐seryl‐aspartyl‐lysyl‐proline is a valuable endogenous antifibrotic peptide for kidney fibrosis in diabetes: An update and translational aspects

“…This duplication of the ACE gene occurred in early evolution, and separate promoter regions regulate the different enzyme expression levels (Figure ). These similar, but distinct, catalytic domains were described in detail in a previous report.…”

Treatment of traumatic brain injury in rats with N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline

“…88 Secondly, as a naturally occurring peptide, the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of AcSDKP have been well established and there is no apparent toxicity in rodents. 5,35,67,81 More importantly, with the identification of multiple molecular mechanisms and mediators on the pathogenesis of TBI, the multi-targeted effects of AcSDKP on the neurovascular unit could achieve optimized therapeutic efficacy. AcSDKP is cleared almost exclusively by angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE).…”

Comparative peptidomic profile between human hypertrophic scar tissue and matched normal skin for identification of endogenous peptides involved in scar pathology

“…Endogenous peptides, peptides that are naturally produced by a cell (Gascoigne, ), have attracted increasing attention worldwide. Some of these endogenous peptides, including tri‐peptide GHK, acetylcholinesterase‐derived peptide, and N‐acetyl‐seryl‐aspartyl‐lysyl‐proline, were elucidated to be involved in tissue remodeling, Alzheimer disease, and kidney fibrosis (Garcia‐Rates et al, ; Kanasaki, Nagai, Nitta, Kitada, & Koya, ; Pickart, ). However, the role of the endogenous peptides in hypertrophic scar pathogenesis has rarely been studied.…”

“…fibrosis (Garcia-Rates et al, 2016;Kanasaki, Nagai, Nitta, Kitada, & Koya, 2014;Pickart, 2008). However, the role of the endogenous peptides in hypertrophic scar pathogenesis has rarely been studied.…”