N-acetyl-cysteine causes a late re-specification of the anteroposterior axis in theXenopus embryo

Gatherer, Derek; Woodland, Hugh R.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0177(199604)205:4<395::aid-aja4>3.0.co;2-d

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Sodium acetate (NaAc) and DMSO were used as controls for NAC and MCI-186 respectively. Consistent with a previous report (Gatherer and Woodland, 1996), injection of NAC at the blastula stage resulted in severe developmental defects, including enlarged cement glands and failure of axis elongation, a phenotype that was also observed in MCI-186 treated embryos ( Fig. 2C).…”

Section: Lowering Embryonic Ros Impairs Mesoderm Formationsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), sodium acetate (NaAc), DMSO and H 2 O 2 were purchased from Sigma. Injections were performed as previously described (Gatherer and Woodland, 1996). A 1 M stock of MCI-186 (Cayman Chemicals) was made in DMSO.…”

Section: Chemical and Genetic Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MCI-186, also referred to as Edavarone, is a novel hydroxyl radical scavenger (Aoyama et al, 2008;Song et al, 2008) and NAC is a precursor of glutathione, and has been shown to reduce oxidative stress in vivo (Kerksick and Willoughby, 2005;Shimamoto et al, 2011). Interestingly, it has been shown that injection of NAC into the blastocoel of mid-blastula stage embryos could cause a severe developmental defect in X. laevis embryos (Gatherer and Woodland, 1996). However, neither the effect of NAC on ROS nor the molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental defects of NAC on Xenopus embryos have been fully investigated.…”

Section: Lowering Embryonic Ros Impairs Mesoderm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated and sustained reactive oxygen species levels facilitate mesoderm formation during earlyXenopusdevelopment

Han

Chen

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Fertilisation triggers embryonic development culminating with the activation of a number of highly co-ordinated and evolutionarily conserved signalling pathways, which induce and pattern the mesoderm of the developing embryo. Previous studies in invertebrates have shown that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), a reactive oxygen species (ROS), can act as a signalling molecule for axis specification during early development.Using a HyPer transgenic Xenopus laevis line that expresses a H 2 O 2 -sensitive fluorescent protein sensor maternally, we recently found that fertilisation triggers a rapid increase in ROS production. Here we show that this increase in ROS levels is sustained throughout early embryogenesis, lasting until the tailbud stages. In addition we show that lowering ROS levels from the blastula stage through the gastrula stages via antioxidant treatments disrupts mesoderm formation. Furthermore, we show that attenuating ROS levels during the blastula / gastrula stages affects some, but not all, growth factor signalling pathways involved in mesoderm induction and patterning, including the PI3K/Akt, TGF-β/Nodal, and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways. These data suggest that sustained elevated ROS levels during the blastula and gastrula stages are essential for early vertebrate embryonic development, at least partly, through their roles in promoting growth factor signalling.

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Section: Lowering Embryonic Ros Impairs Mesoderm Formationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Chemical and Genetic Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%