N-acetyl cysteine can blunt metabolic and cardiovascular effects via down-regulation of cardiotrophin-1 in rat model of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome

Abstract

BackgroundChronic fructose consumption is associated with development of obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Cardiovascular diseases are linked to metabolic deregulation observed in MS. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a sulfur containing compound of Allium plants (such as garlic and onion) that increases intracellular reduced glutathione concentrations, which is an endogenous antioxidant. MethodsThis study investigated the ability of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to alleviate the metabolic disorders in fructose-induced MS in male Wistar rats and to examine its protective effect on aortic and cardiac tissues via its in uence on cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) expression. NAC (20 mg/kg b.w./day) was administered to fructose (20% w/v) induced MS animals for twelve weeks. ResultsChronic fructose consumption increased body weight gain, relative heart weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), IR and associated with metabolic alterations. Histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed aortic stiffness and myocardial degeneration and brosis together with increased CT-1 expression. Treatment with NAC improved IR, SBP, DBP and mitigated atherogenic dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress (OS). Additionally, NAC down-regulated CT-1 expression in the heart and aorta. Furthermore, CT-1 expression in the heart and aorta was positively correlated with basal glycemia, nal SBP and DBP, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and negatively correlated with high density lipoproteins levels. ConclusionThe ndings reported here demonstrated, for the rst time, the protective effect of NAC against aortic and myocardial degeneration and brosis through down-regulation of CT-1 in fructose induced MS animal model. Also, our results revealed the infallible role of NAC to blunt the cardiometabolic deregulation observed in MS.

Fructose plus High-Salt Diet in Early Life Results in Salt-Sensitive Cardiovascular Changes in Mature Male Sprague Dawley Rats

“…Despite the lack of rigorous morphometric studies, collagen deposition was apparent only in the two groups of rats fed FHS in early life. The present finding is consistent with the findings of Abdelhaffez et al [ 69 ] who reported increased cardiac interstitial fibrosis after rats ingested 12 weeks of 20% fructose in their drinking water. Unfortunately, that study did not provide functional data.…”

Impact of a long‐term high‐fructose diet on systemic metabolic profiles of mice

“… 18 To the best of our knowledge, the majority of metabolomics studies on the effects of HFrD have focused on the analysis of urine and serum samples. 19 , 20 Thus, a systemic metabolomic analysis of high‐fructose‐influenced metabolic alterations is still lacking.…”

“…Moreover, targeted metabolomics analysis of serum samples from women consuming a high‐fructose diet revealed that high fructose intake in healthy women might lead to metabolic alterations in acylcarnitine and lysophosphatidylcholine via interruption of mitochondrial β‐oxidation and lipid peroxidation 18 . To the best of our knowledge, the majority of metabolomics studies on the effects of HFrD have focused on the analysis of urine and serum samples 19,20 . Thus, a systemic metabolomic analysis of high‐fructose‐influenced metabolic alterations is still lacking.…”