N a r k o t i k Analjeziklerin Gaz-Sıvı Kromatografisi İle Ayırımı ve Miktar Tayini : T h e S e p e r a t i o n and Q u a n t i t a t i o n of t h e N a r c o t i c Analgesics Using G a s - L i q u i

Tamer, Ayla; Sargın, Haluk

doi:10.1501/eczfak_0000000432

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…are facultative aerobes but can, in the presence of nitrate or nitrite, grow anaerobically. Tam and colleagues (17) documented that Bacillus spp. are not transient passengers of the gastrointestinal tract but have adapted to carry out their entire life cycle within this environment, and therefore Bacillus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus licheniformis Prevents Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens

et al. 2010

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Three studies were conducted using Clostridium perfringens as an intestinal challenge to produce necrotic enteritis (NE). The studies consisted of two battery screening studies and one production study in floor pens, which were used to test the effect of the addition of Bacillus licheniformis (DSM 17236) spores at different doses and feeding periods in comparison to birds fed diets with subtherapeutic levels of virginiamycin (15 g/ton feed). In all three studies the use of B. licheniformis (1.6 x 10(6) - 8 x 10(7) CFUs/g) or virginiamycin (15 g/ton feed) showed no difference in effect with regard to feed conversion ratio, weight gain, NE lesion score, and NE mortality. In the two battery studies, both treatments showed a significantly decreased feed conversion ratio, increased weight gain, reduced NE lesion score, and NE-reduced mortality compared to the nonmedicated C. perfringens-challenged group. In general, none of the treatments performed as well as the no-challenge group. The present data indicate that the use of B. licheniformis spores as a probiotic or direct-fed microbial could be an alternative to adding medication to the feed to overcome NE under commercial-like conditions and could therefore be of direct use in preventing antibiotic-resistant pathogens in chickens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus licheniformis Prevents Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens

et al. 2010

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“…O debate principal, entre t a n t o, diz re s p e i t o aos resultados relacionados ao risco card i ova sc u l a r. Estudos observacionais vinham sugeri ndo efeitos benéficos 3 , em contraste com ensaios clínicos que re l a t a ram aumento do ri s c o de eventos secundários de coro n a riopatia 4 e mais re c e n t e m e n t e, em relação a seus eve n t o s p ri m á rios 2 , 5 , 6 . Essa última publicação vem forçando a modificação na indicação desta terapia, re s t ringindo sua utilização.…”

Section: N T Ro D U ç ã Ounclassified

Análise de correspondência para avaliação do perfil de mulheres na pós-menopausa e o uso da terapia de reposição hormonal

et al. 2004

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This study illustrates the use of correspondence analysis to identify distinct profiles characterizing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users and non-users, allowing the visualization of concurrent characteristics associated with this self-selection process. We analyzed cross-sectional information provided by 195 women reporting natural menopause, among 2,240 participants in the Pro-Saude Study (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Non-users had an unfavorable profile, including greater weight gain during adult life, older age, later menopause, and less schooling. This analytic tool should be used more extensively in public health research, in exploratory analyses of the relations among a large number of variables in key populations.

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“…The two methods described i n t h e previous s e c t i o n s are compared i n Table 1. While d i s c r i m i n a n t a n a l y s i s e x t r a c t s t h e l o c a l f e a t u r e s using p a t t e r n v e c t o r s , HMM g r a s p s t h e g l o b a l dynamic f e a t u r e s using symbol sequences.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…F i g u r e 2 i s a flowchart of our method. 1. A t every frame of speech, t h e patt e r n v e c t o r i s obtained by a c o u s t i c analysis.…”

Section: I S C R I M I N a N T Analysis Treats I N P U T V A R I A mentioning

confidence: 99%

Speaker‐independent consonant recognition by integrating discriminant analysis and hmm

Kawahara

Doshita

Kitazawa

1991

Systems & Computers in Japan

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SUMMARYA new consonant r e c o g n i t i o n method is proposed which i n t e g r a t e s two s t o c h a s t i c methods: d i s c r i m i n a n t a n a l y s i s and HMM. Discriminant a n a l y s i s i s e f f e c t i v e i n analyzi n g l o c a l p a t t e r n s b u t i t assumes p r e c i s e d e t e c t i o n of r e f e r e n c e p o i n t s . HMM i s a b l e t o e x t r a c t t h e o v e r a l l dynamic f e a t u r e s and needs no e x p l i c i t segmentation of speech. However, i t l a c k s t h e a b i l i t y t o d i s c r i m i na t e between similar consonants. The method h e r e i n c o n s t r u c t s HMM w i t h d i s c r i m i n a n t analy s i s f r o n t end and r e c o g n i z e s consonants by combining t h e s c o r e o b t a i n e d by d i s c r i m i n a n t a n a l y s i s and t h a t by HMM. For a l l t h e Japanese consonants, t h i s i n t e g r a t e d method achieved t h e r e c o g n i t i o n r a t e of 92.1 perc e n t , which is h i g h e r by 5 t o 15 p e r c e n t than t h e c a s e u s i n g e i t h e r of t h e two methods alone. I n t r o d u c t i o nTo r e a l i z e large-vocabulary speakerindependent speech r e c o g n i t i o n , phonemebased r e c o g n i t i o n i s d e s i r a b l e . T h e r e f o r e , w e are s t u d y i n g r e c o g n i t i o n of consonants which, due t o t h e i r dynamic f e a t u r e s , i s more d i f f i c u l t t h a n t h a t of vowels.There are many approaches t o consonant r e c o g n i t i o n :t h e rule-based method [ l ] , DP matching [ 2 ] , s t a t i s t i c a l method [ 3 ] , Markov modelings [ 4 ] , and n e u r a l networks [ 5 ] .Among them, t h e s t a t i s t i c a l o r probab i l i s t i c method i s advantageous because i t can avoid e x t r a c t i n g e x p l i c i t d i s t i n c t i v e f e a t u r e s and realizes a simple and f l e x i b l e 84 i n t e r f a c e w i t h t h e n a t u r a l language processi n g u n i t . D i s c r i m i n a n t a n a l y s i s , which i s one of t h e m u l t i v a r i a t e s t a t i s t i c a l a n a l y s e s , i s s u i t a b l e t o d i s c r i m i n a t e l o c a l p a t t e r n s around t h e r e f e r e n c e p o i n t of a consonant such as a b u r s t p o i n t o r a s t a r t i n g p o i n t of f r i c t i o n . This method assumes t h e e x a c t d e t e c t i o n of t h er e f e r e n c e p o i n t of consona n t s , and such a p r e c i s e segmentation of speech i s extremely d i f f i c u l t . On t h e o t h e r hand, HMM (Hidden Markov Model) i s a b l e t o e x t r a c t g l o b a l dynamicf e a t u r e s of a consonant from t h e p r e c e d i n g vowel t o t h e f o l l o w i n g vowel and i t does n o t r e q u i r e p r e c i s e segmentation. However, w i t h c o n v e n t i o n a l HMM, i t i s d i f f i c u l t t o d i sc r i m i n a t e a c o u s t i c a l l y similar consonants because q u a n t i z i n g i n p u t p a t t e r n v e c t o r s c a u s e s l o s s of d i s c r i m i n a n t i n f o r m a t i o n , and t h e l e a r n i n g a l g o r i t h m s d...

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N a r k o t i k Analjeziklerin Gaz-Sıvı Kromatografisi İle Ayırımı ve Miktar Tayini : T h e S e p e r a t i o n and Q u a n t i t a t i o n of t h e N a r c o t i c Analgesics Using G a s - L i q u i

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Bacillus licheniformis Prevents Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens

Bacillus licheniformis Prevents Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens

Análise de correspondência para avaliação do perfil de mulheres na pós-menopausa e o uso da terapia de reposição hormonal

Speaker‐independent consonant recognition by integrating discriminant analysis and hmm

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