n-3 PUFA poor seafood consumption is associated with higher risk of gout, whereas n-3 PUFA rich seafood is not: NHANES 2007–2016

Abstract

Background and aimsGout, the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis, has undesirable effects on the quality of life. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has a strong link with anti-inflammatory impacts. However, whether the harmful effects of seafood in relation to gout may vary owing to different levels of n-3 PUFA in seafood is still unclear. It was the goal of this study to examine the relationship between n-3 PUFA poor/rich seafood consumption and gout.MethodsBetween 2007 and 2016, five NHANES cycles were performed, with 12,505 subjects having complete data for gout and two 24-h dietary intake interviews. The 24-h dietary recalls were utilized to evaluate dietary habits. Gout was defined based on questionnaires. Weighted logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between n-3 PUFA poor/rich seafood consumption and gout. Moreover, subgroup analysis was utilized to estimate the stability of results. Covariates including age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, education, body mass index, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking status, and drinking status were stratified in different models.ResultsIn the fully adjusted model, each unit of increase of n-3 PUFA poor seafood intake was associated with an 8.7% increased risk of gout (OR = 1.087, 95% CI: 1.039, 1.138, P < 0.001), whereas, no correlation was found between n-3 PUFA rich seafood consumption and gout. It also provided a proof-of-concept regarding the potential for n-3 PUFA rich seafood to counteract harmful effects of purines in relation to gout. A dose-response analysis showed that there was a non-linear relationship between n-3 PUFA rich seafood intake and the risk of gout in the female group.ConclusionFindings suggest that n-3 PUFA poor seafood consumption is associated with higher risk of gout, whereas n-3 PUFA rich seafood is not.

The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio as a risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with diabetes: evidence from the NHANES 2003–2016

“…Smoking status was categorized as never a smoker (defined as smoking less than 100 cigarettes in life), former smoker (smoking more than 100 cigarettes but smoking not at all now) and current smoker (smoking more than 100 cigarettes and smoking some days or every day now) [ 21 ]. Drinking status was divided into never drinking (defined as less than 12 drinks in life), former drinking (defined as ≥ 12 drinks in 1 year and did not drink last year, or did not drink last year but drank ≥ 12 drinks in life), mild drinking (defined as ≤ 1 drink per day in females and ≤ 2 drinks per day in males on average over the past 12 months), moderate drinking (1–3 drinks per day for females and 2–4 drinks per day for males on average over the past 12 months), and heavy drinking (≥ 4 drinks per day for women or ≥ 5 drinks per day for men on average over the past 12 months) [ 22 ]. Hypertension was defined as a self-reported history of hypertension, the use of antihypertensive medication, an average systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or an average diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg.…”

Relationship of the Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study of NHANES Study

“…The study's design and methodologies have been comprehensively elucidated in previous literature. 20,21 We subsumed ten cycles from 1999 to 2000 through 2017 to 2018. There was a total of 3649 adults aged 20 years or older with DKD.…”

“…21 Drinking status was characterized as follows: never drinker, former drinker, mild drinker (≤1 drink for females or ≤2 drinks for males daily on average over the past year), moderate drinker (1-3 drinks for females or 2-4 drinks for males daily on average over the past year), and heavy drinker (≥4 drinks for females or ≥5 drinks for males daily on average over the past year). 21 The average of the first three blood pressure readings was utilized to assess systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Hypertension was delineated as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg.…”