n‐3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids: update 1995

Endres, Stefan; Caterina, Raffaele De; Schmidt, Erik Berg; Kristensenj, S. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01978.x

Cited by 68 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Activated leukocytes also damage pulmonary basement membranes by generating ROS and increasing capillary permeability [32] . 3FA are metabolized through cyclo-and lipoxygenase into triene prostaglandins and pentaene leukotrienes, which have less chemotactic, inflammatory, bronchoconstrictive and vasoconstrictive effects compared with AA-derived lipid mediators [8,9] . Besides these effects, 3FA modify the function of membrane-linked enzyme systems, signal transduction and receptor functions, and also reduce PAF and cytokine release [10][11][12] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The severity of the local inflammation and the systemic complications are related to the excessive upregulation of cytokines, secondary mediators including histamine, prostavia the cyclo-and lipoxygenase pathways into triene prostaglandins and pentaene leukotrienes which have less inflammatory and chemotactic effect than the corresponding AA-derived lipid mediators [8,9] . 3FA also modify the function of membrane-linked enzyme systems, signal transduction and receptor function [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of ω–3 Fatty Acids on Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis in Rats

Alhan¹,

Türkyılmaz²,

Erçín

et al. 2006

Eur Surg Res

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The aim of this study was to investigate the influence ofω–3 fatty acids (ω3FA) on acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) induced by glycodeoxycholic acid in rats. The induction of ANP resulted in significant increases in mortality rate, intestinal permeability, bacterial infection in pancreas and extrapancreatic organs, and serum activity of urea and amylase, alanine transferase (ALT), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrotizing factor-α (TNF-α), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, tissue activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the pancreas and lung, and a considerable decrease of concentrations of calcium, protein and albumin. The use of ω3FA reduced mortality, phenol sulfophthalein excretion in urine, bacterial infection in pancreas, liver, spleen, MPO and MDA levels in pancreatic and lung tissue, LDH level in BAL fluid and serum IL-6 and TNF-α values. Serum triglyceride increased only in the ω3FA groups. Serum amylase, ALT, calcium, urea, protein, IL-1, and degree of pancreatic damage indicated no difference between the pancreatitis groups. Increased intestinal permeability and cytokine levels, and free radical damage play an important role during the course of acute pancreatitis. The treatment with ω3FA improves these effects. ω3FA may be useful in the treatment during ANP in rats. Therefore, it can be beneficial in patients with pancreatitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ω–3 Fatty Acids on Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis in Rats

Alhan¹,

Türkyılmaz²,

Erçín

et al. 2006

Eur Surg Res

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“…14,15 It is, however, not clear which diet is the most effective in this condition, especially when hypertriglyceridemia is not secondary to conditions such as obesity, alcohol abuse or glucose intolerance. 15 European and American consensus guidelines recommend marine n-3 fatty acids because of their pronounced triglyceride-lowering effect 16,17 and a low content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) because SFA produce a marked increase in total and LDL cholesterol concentrations. 18 ± 21 Restriction of dietary fat is also recommended, 14,22,23 although this intervention implies the increased consumption of carbohydrates which may lead to an increase in triglycerides and a decrease in HDL cholesterol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of hypertriglyceridemia by two diets rich either in unsaturated fatty acids or in carbohydrates: effects on lipoprotein subclasses, lipolytic enzymes, lipid transfer proteins, insulin and leptin

et al. 2000

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BACKGROUND: There is lack of agreement on which dietary regimen is most suitable for treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, especially if high triglyceride concentrations are not due to obesity or alcohol abuse. We compared the effects on blood lipids of a diet high in total and unsaturated fat with a low-fat diet in patients with triglyceride concentrations of b 2.3 mmolal. METHODS: Nineteen non-obese male outpatients with triglycerides ranging from 2.30 to 9.94 mmolal received two consecutive diets for 3 weeks each: ®rst a modi®ed high-fat diet (39% total fat, 8% SFA, 15% monounsaturated fatty acids, 1.6% marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids), and then a low-fat diet (total fat 28%, carbohydrates 54%). RESULTS: The high-fat diet signi®cantly decreased triglycerides (À63%), total cholesterol (À22%), VLDL cholesterol (À54%), LDL cholesterol (À16%), total apoC-III (À27%), apoC-III in apoB containing lipoproteins (apoC-III LpB; À31%) and in HDL (apoC-III nonLpB; À29%), apoE in serum (À33%) and apoB-containing lipoproteins (nonHDL-E; À42%), LpA-I (À16%), insulin (À36%), and leptin (À26%) and signi®cantly increased the means of HDL cholesterol ( 8%), LDL size ( 6%), lipoprotein lipase (LPL, 11%), hepatic lipase ( 13%), and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT, 2%). The subsequent low-fat diet increased triglycerides ( 63%), VLDL cholesterol ( 19%), apoC-III ( 23%), apoC-III LpB ( 44%) apoC-III nonLpB ( 17%), apoE ( 29%) and nonHDL-E ( 43%), and decreased HDL cholesterol (À12%), LPL (À3%), and LCAT (À3%). Changes in triglycerides correlated with changes in LPL activity and insulin levels. CONCLUSIONS: In hypertriglyceridemic patients, a modi®ed diet rich in mono-and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is more effective than a carbohydrate-rich low-fat diet in correcting the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype.

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“…n-3 (omega-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids have been investigated for use in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases [1]. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis and psoriasis, an alleviation of clinical symptoms has been noted after ingestion of n-3 fatty acids in the form of a fish oil concentrate [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in healthy volunteers fed various doses of fish oil for 1 year

Blok

Deslypère

Demacker

et al. 1997

Eur J Clin Investigation

120

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Abstract. Dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids from fish oil alleviates inflammation in various chronic inflammatory disease states. Reductions in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1b (IL1b), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) have been seen in humans after short-term n-3 fatty acid supplementation. We investigated longterm effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids on circulating cytokine concentrations and on ex vivo stimulated whole-blood production of IL-1b, TNF-a and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), the naturally occurring antagonist of IL-1. A total of 58 monks with a mean age of 56 years were randomized into four groups and their diets were supplemented with 0, 3, 6, or 9 g of fish oil, providing 0, 1·06, 2·13 or 3·19 g of n-3 fatty acids per day. Subjects received equal amounts of saturated fatty acids, vitamin E and cholesterol. Compliance was excellent and erythrocyte fatty acid profiles closely reflected the amounts of n-3 fatty acids ingested. In the group receiving 9 g of fish oil per day, no influence of n-3 fatty acids on circulating cytokine concentrations was observed relative to placebo. Endotoxin-stimulated whole-blood cytokine production was measured at 26 and 52 weeks after the start and at 4, 8 and 26 weeks after cessation of supplementation. In all groups, the production of IL-1b and IL-1Ra was higher during supplementation than afterwards. However, no differences in cytokine production were noted between the placebo group and the various treatment groups at any point in time. Our results suggest that long-term supplementation of fish oil does not affect ex vivo cytokine production in man.

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n‐3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids: update 1995

Cited by 68 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of ω–3 Fatty Acids on Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis in Rats

Effects of ω–3 Fatty Acids on Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis in Rats

Treatment of hypertriglyceridemia by two diets rich either in unsaturated fatty acids or in carbohydrates: effects on lipoprotein subclasses, lipolytic enzymes, lipid transfer proteins, insulin and leptin

Pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in healthy volunteers fed various doses of fish oil for 1 year

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