n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal models with neuroinflammation

Orr, Sarah; Trépanier, Marc-Olivier; Bazinet, Richard P.

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2012.05.008

Cited by 91 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The role of dietary n-3 PUFAs in cognitive function has already been extensively studied either during the perinatal period (the most sensitive period in terms of brain development and lipid accretion), or in aging (a period of high vulnerability for cognitive decline and dementia) (Luchtman and Song, 2013;Joffre et al, 2014). In most of animal models, brain n-3 PUFA deficiency is induced by feeding an n-3 PUFA deficient diet throughout life for two to three generations (Gamoh et al, 1999;Moriguchi et al, 2000;Moriguchi and Salem, 2003;Su, 2010;Orr et al, 2013), and only few studies dealt with the effect of a 2-month exposure to low n-3 PUFA on cognition at adulthood . Moreover, only few studies reported the brain contents in PUFAs in their experimental context making difficult the comparison with our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A simplistic view is that n-3 PUFAs form the basis of lipid derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties, whereas n-6 PUFAs are the precursors of proinflammatory mediators, and stimulate the production and activity of proinflammatory factors such as cytokines (Farooqui et al, 2007;Orr et al, 2013;Serhan et al, 2014). As a result, we have previously demonstrated that low dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs promotes neuroinflammatory responses through the regulation of microglial cells activity and polarization toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, while n-3 PUFA dietary supplementation is rather anti-inflammatory (De SmedtPeyrusse et al, 2008;Mingam et al, 2008;Labrousse et al, 2012;Madore et al, 2014;Delpech et al, 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary n-3 PUFAs Deficiency Increases Vulnerability to Inflammation-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment

Delpech

Thomazeau

Madore

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are critical components of inflammatory response and memory impairment. However, the mechanisms underlying the sensitizing effects of low n-3 PUFAs in the brain for the development of memory impairment following inflammation are still poorly understood. In this study, we examined how a 2-month n-3 PUFAs deficiency from pre-puberty to adulthood could increase vulnerability to the effect of inflammatory event on spatial memory in mice. Mice were given diets balanced or deficient in n-3 PUFAs for a 2-month period starting at post-natal day 21, followed by a peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, at adulthood. We first showed that spatial memory performance was altered after LPS challenge only in n-3 PUFA-deficient mice that displayed lower n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio in the hippocampus. Importantly, long-term depression (LTD), but not long-term potentiation (LTP) was impaired in the hippocampus of LPS-treated n-3 PUFA-deficient mice. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were increased in the plasma of both n-3 PUFA-deficient and n-3 PUFA-balanced mice. However, only n-3 PUFA-balanced mice showed an increase in cytokine expression in the hippocampus in response to LPS. In addition, n-3 PUFA-deficient mice displayed higher glucocorticoid levels in response to LPS as compared with n-3 PUFA-balanced mice. These results indicate a role for n-3 PUFA imbalance in the sensitization of the hippocampal synaptic plasticity to inflammatory stimuli, which is likely to contribute to spatial memory impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary n-3 PUFAs Deficiency Increases Vulnerability to Inflammation-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment

Delpech

Thomazeau

Madore

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As also briefly mentioned in the previous section (see the 'Circulation; Fundamental mechanisms' section) ω3-LCPUFAs may have an anti-inflammatory role. A review by Orr et al (2013) emphasized the major and detrimental role of inflammation in the outcome of stroke [78]. They highlight evidence that links increased DHA levels in mice to lower innate immune and inflammatory responses which may attenuate neuronal death following MCAO.…”

Section: Fundamental Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of fatty acids on brain circulation, structure and function

Haast

Kiliaan

2015

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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“…In general, in vitro evidence points to immunomodulatory effects of DHA and EPA in immortalized microglia and astrocyte cultures, with lower levels of inflammatory markers in response to stimulation with IFN-γ, LPS or A (Hjorth and Freund-Levi, 2012;Orr et al, 2012). EPA and DHA lower markers of M1 microglia activation and improve phagocytosis of A in microglia cultures, while DHA also increases M2 microglia markers, pointing to a pro-resolving effect (Hjorth et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this review, we will summarize the evidence for the role of n-3 PUFA in modulating neuroinflammation in animal models by updating and adding to our previous review, published in 2013 (Orr et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%