n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivates Reduce Neuroinflammation during Aging

Joffre, Corinne; Dinel, Anne‐Laure; Chataigner, Mathilde; Pallet, Véronique; Layé, Sophie

doi:10.3390/nu12030647

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 239 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…It further regulates the stimulation of microglia by enhancing ramified microglia after traumatic brain damage. High concentrations of RvD1 in the brain in Fat-1 mice are associated with fewer cognitive defects, a decrease in microglial activation, and pro-inflammation due to high n-3 PUFAs in the brain during brain ischemia (37).…”

Section: Studies In Murines and Ratsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…They are involved in the downregulation of cytokines that are involved in pro-inflammation and upregulation of those involved in antiinflammation. These SPMs also induce phagocytic cells against debris and lifeless cellular components and decrease levels of oxylipins that induce pro-inflammation (37)(38)(39). The enzymes required for synthesis include phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), in addition to cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) (37).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Omega-6 oxylipin-oxygenated derivatives of PUFAs support inflammatory responses, assist in energy storage, and inhibit energy expenditure. The n-6/n-3 PUFA proportion is more critical than the entire PUFA intake as this ratio determines the level of synthesized n-6-derived oxylipins (37).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulatory Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Immunity, Represented by Phagocytic Activity

Al-Khalaifah

2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Lately, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have shown substantial importance in human and animal nutrition, especially those of the n-3 group. Development and optimal functioning of the immune system are directed affected by diet. These dietary fatty acids have an important impact on the health and immune competence of various species including human beings. They are essential for the modulation of immune responses in health and disease. Fatty acid composition of immune cells can be modulated by the action of dietary fats and the outcomes in the composition can produce functional effects on reactivity and functioning of immune cells in a short period. There are several mechanisms involved in impacting dietary fatty acids on immune function; however, lipid mediator synthesis from PUFAs is of great importance in terms of inflammation. The objectives of this article are reviewing studies on the impact of PUFA in the diet on phagocytosis of chickens, murine, rats, ruminants, and humans. It also sheds light on the possible mechanism by which this immunomodulation occurs.

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Section: Studies In Murines and Ratsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Mechanism Of Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulatory Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Immunity, Represented by Phagocytic Activity

Al-Khalaifah

2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Among FAs, SFAs are considered of lower value than PUFAs for human health. In fact, PUFAs are metabolically transformed in molecules involved in the regulation of different cell functions, the eicosanoids as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane, resolvins, protectins, maresins [26]. The eicosanoids and endocannabinoids, also produced from PUFAs, are essential for the development and functioning of the nervous system [27].…”

Section: Relevance Of Fatty Acids In Human Breast Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Fatty Acids Composition/Antioxidant Potential of Breast Milk and Maternal Diet: Comparison with Infant Formulas

et al. 2020

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The fatty acid composition of human breast milk is relevant for the energy, immunity and eicosanoid production in infants. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of foods are essential for human health. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal diet and fatty acids composition as well as the antioxidant potential of breast milk from donors to human milk bank of Perugia’s hospital, Italy. Results were compared with infant formulas. We observed increased levels of total fatty acids and, in particular, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in milk from mothers fed on a vegetable and fruit-rich diet compared with a Mediterranean diet. In the same milk, a reduced antioxidant potential was found. All infant formulas resulted in richer total fatty acid content than human breast milk. Only some formulas were qualitatively similar to breast milk. Of note, the antioxidant potential of the formulas was higher or lower than the human milk with the exception of one sample. The antioxidant potential of four formulas was very high. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants has been shown to have a teratogenic effect and to increase the formation of metastases in adult. There are no data on the effects of excess antioxidants in the infants, but the possibility that they can be harmful cannot be excluded.

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“…Thus, compared with its precursor GLA, the dietary DGLA bypasses not only the Δ6 desaturase but also an elongase, required for DGLA biosynthesis from LA. Since the activity of enzymes involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis is impaired with aging and disease [ 9 ], dietary DGLA is advantageous over GLA. The effects of DGLA were also studied through pharmaceutical inhibition [ 10 ] and genetic manipulation of the delta-5 desaturase that catalyzes the conversion of DGLA to ARA [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DGLA from the Microalga Lobosphaera Incsa P127 Modulates Inflammatory Response, Inhibits iNOS Expression and Alleviates NO Secretion in RAW264.7 Murine Macrophages

et al. 2020

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Microalgae have been considered as a renewable source of nutritional, cosmetic and pharmaceutical compounds. The ability to produce health-beneficial long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) is of high interest. LC-PUFA and their metabolic lipid mediators, modulate key inflammatory pathways in numerous models. In particular, the metabolism of arachidonic acid under inflammatory challenge influences the immune reactivity of macrophages. However, less is known about another omega-6 LC-PUFA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), which exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activities, which contrast with its delta-5 desaturase product, arachidonic acid (ARA). In this work, we examined whether administrating DGLA would modulate the inflammatory response in the RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line. DGLA was applied for 24 h in the forms of carboxylic (free) acid, ethyl ester, and ethyl esters obtained from the DGLA-accumulating delta-5 desaturase mutant strain P127 of the green microalga Lobosphaera incisa. DGLA induced a dose-dependent increase in the RAW264.7 cells’ basal secretion of the prostaglandin PGE1. Upon bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimuli, the enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), was affected little by DGLA, while interleukin 6 (IL-6), nitric oxide, and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased significantly. DGLA administered at 100 µM in all forms attenuated the LPS-induced expression of the key inflammatory genes in a concerted manner, in particular iNOS, IL-6, and LxR, in the form of free acid. PGE1 was the major prostaglandin detected in DGLA-supplemented culture supernatants, whose production prevailed over ARA-derived PGE2 and PGD2, which were less affected by LPS-stimulation compared with the vehicle control. An overall pattern of change indicated DGLA’s induced alleviation of the inflammatory state. Finally, our results indicate that microalgae-derived, DGLA-enriched ethyl esters (30%) exhibited similar activities to DGLA ethyl esters, strengthening the potential of this microalga as a potent source of this rare anti-inflammatory fatty acid.

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n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivates Reduce Neuroinflammation during Aging

Cited by 38 publications

References 239 publications

Modulatory Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Immunity, Represented by Phagocytic Activity

Modulatory Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Immunity, Represented by Phagocytic Activity

Relationship between Fatty Acids Composition/Antioxidant Potential of Breast Milk and Maternal Diet: Comparison with Infant Formulas

DGLA from the Microalga Lobosphaera Incsa P127 Modulates Inflammatory Response, Inhibits iNOS Expression and Alleviates NO Secretion in RAW264.7 Murine Macrophages

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