N-3 (Omega-3) Fatty Acids: Effects on Brain Dopamine Systems and Potential Role in the Etiology and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Healy-Stoffel, Michelle; Levant, Beth

doi:10.2174/1871527317666180412153612

Cited by 89 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 282 publications

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“…The type of FAs contained in membrane phospholipids may modulate a broad range of biological mechanisms and pathways in the brain, including neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells integrity and survival, neurotransmission (dopaminergic, serotonergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic), and neuroinflammation, and [216][217][218]. PUFAs, especially ARA and DHA, are the major constituents of the neuronal membranes.…”

Section: Role Of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases In Humans and Othmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases in Health and Disease

Czumaj

Śledziński

2020

Nutrients

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered one of the most important components of cells that influence normal development and function of many organisms, both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Unsaturated fatty acid desaturases play a crucial role in the synthesis of PUFAs, inserting additional unsaturated bonds into the acyl chain. The level of expression and activity of different types of desaturases determines profiles of PUFAs. It is well recognized that qualitative and quantitative changes in the PUFA profile, resulting from alterations in the expression and activity of fatty acid desaturases, are associated with many pathological conditions. Understanding of underlying mechanisms of fatty acid desaturase activity and their functional modification will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies in diseases associated with qualitative and quantitative disorders of PUFA.

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Section: Role Of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases In Humans and Othmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases in Health and Disease

Czumaj

Śledziński

2020

Nutrients

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“…Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) are polyunsaturated fatty acids, whose primary sources are in oily fish. They are components of neuronal membranes and have a main role in neurotransmission, neuronal development and function [105]. Two of the main omega-3 FAs are docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and it has been demonstrated that supplementation with omega-3 FAs has beneficial effects in several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson´s and Alzheimer´s diseases, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and schizophrenia [106,107].…”

Section: Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevent Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants as a Potential Target against Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2020

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Psychostimulants and non-psychostimulants are the medications prescribed for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, several adverse results have been linked with an increased risk of substance use and side effects. The pathophysiology of ADHD is not completely known, although it has been associated with an increase in inflammation and oxidative stress. This review presents an overview of findings following antioxidant treatment for ADHD and describes the potential amelioration of inflammation and oxidative stress using antioxidants that might have a future as multi-target adjuvant therapy in ADHD. The use of antioxidants against inflammation and oxidative conditions is an emerging field in the management of several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Thus, antioxidants could be promising as an adjuvant ADHD therapy.

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“…Both ω ‐3 LC‐PUFAs and alcohol engage neurotransmitter systems: Deficits in ω ‐3 LC‐PUFAs adversely affect neuroinflammatory mechanisms (Laye et al., ), which in turn impact stress hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis sensitivity and other neurotransmitter systems (Levant, ). Effects of ω ‐3 LC‐PUFA deficiencies on dopaminergic neurons can be pronounced, especially in the ventral striatum (Healy‐Stoffel and Levant, ). The dopaminergic system is of central relevance in alcohol responses (Schuckit, ); alcohol also has prominent simultaneous effects on gamma‐aminobutyric acid, glutamate, opioid, serotonin, and acetylcholine systems, and on the HPA axis, each of which could contribute to alcohol sensitivity (Schuckit, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Chain ω‐3 Levels Are Associated With Increased Alcohol Sensitivity in a Population‐Based Sample of Adolescents

Edwards

Heron

Hibbeln

et al. 2019

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background: The levels of the x-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (x-3 LC-PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been associated with alcohol sensitivity in vertebrate and invertebrate model systems, but prior studies have not examined this association in human samples despite evidence of associations between x-3 LC-PUFA levels and alcohol-related phenotypes. Both alcohol sensitivity and x-3 LC-PUFA levels are impacted by genetic factors, and these influences may contribute to observed associations between phenotypes. Given the potential for using EPA and DHA supplementation in adjuvant care for alcohol misuse and other outcomes, it is important to clarify how x-3 LC-PUFA levels relate to alcohol sensitivity.Methods: Analyses were conducted using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Plasma x-3 LC-PUFA levels were measured at ages 15.5 and 17.5. Participants reported on their initial alcohol sensitivity using the early drinking Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE-5) scale, for which more drinks needed for effects indicates lower levels of response per drink, at ages 15.5, 16.5, and 17.5. Polygenic liability for alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, EPA levels, and DHA levels was derived using summary statistics from large, publicly available datasets. Linear regressions were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between x-3 LC-PUFA levels and SRE scores.Results: Age 15.5 x-3 LC-PUFA levels were negatively associated with contemporaneous SRE scores and with age 17.5 SRE scores. One modest association (p = 0.02) between polygenic liability and SRE scores was observed, between alcohol problems-based polygenic risk scores (PRS) and age 16.5 SRE scores. Tests of moderation by genetic liability were not warranted.Conclusions: Plasma x-3 LC-PUFA levels may be related to initial sensitivity to alcohol during adolescence. These data indicate that diet-related factors have the potential to impact humans' earliest responses to alcohol exposure.

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N-3 (Omega-3) Fatty Acids: Effects on Brain Dopamine Systems and Potential Role in the Etiology and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Abstract: Clinical studies supporting their role in the etiologies of diseases involving the brain dopamine systems and the potential of n-3 PUFAs in the treatment of these disorders are discussed.

Cited by 89 publications

References 282 publications

Biological Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases in Health and Disease

Biological Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases in Health and Disease

Antioxidants as a Potential Target against Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Long‐Chain ω‐3 Levels Are Associated With Increased Alcohol Sensitivity in a Population‐Based Sample of Adolescents

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