n-3 Fatty Acids Induce Neurogenesis of Predominantly POMC-Expressing Cells in the Hypothalamus

Nascimento, Lucas F.; Souza, Gabriela de Nardi; Morari, Joseane; Barbosa, Guilherme Oliveira; Solon, Carina; Moura, Rodrigo Ferreira de; Victório, Sheila C.; Ignácio-Souza, Letícia Martins; Razolli, Daniela S.; Carvalho, Hernandes F.; Velloso, Lı́cio A.

doi:10.2337/db15-0008

Cited by 53 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…The dietary substitution of saturated fats with unsaturated fats was capable of increasing neurogenesis in the hypothalamus of obese mice (79). Even in lean mice, increased dietary consumption of PUFAs resulted in a trend of increasing hypothalamic neurogenesis.…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and The Repair Of Diet-induced Hmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The pharmacological inhibition of GPR40 reduces hypothalamic BDNF expression and impairs DHAinduced hypothalamic neurogenesis. Interestingly, most of the newborn neurons stimulated by DHA express the anorexigenic neurotransmitter POMC (79). Nevertheless, it is important to mention that because obesity increases with aging, physiological, age-dependent impairment of neurogenesis can impact negatively on mechanisms that promote neurogenesis at younger ages.…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and The Repair Of Diet-induced Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When injected directly in the hypothalamus, DHA induced neurogenesis at levels superior to brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a well-known stimulator of neurogenesis (79,80). The characterization of the mechanisms involved in DHA-induced hypothalamic neurogenesis revealed GPR40 as the receptor mediating at least part of the effects of PUFAs (79). GPR40 expression in the hypothalamus is induced by PUFAs, leading to an increase in hypothalamic BDNF expression and the stimulation of neurogenesis.…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and The Repair Of Diet-induced Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacity of PUFAs to induce hypothalamic neurogenesis has recently been emerged as another important aspect of their beneficial actions in the hypothalamus (79). The dietary substitution of saturated fats with unsaturated fats was capable of increasing neurogenesis in the hypothalamus of obese mice (79).…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and The Repair Of Diet-induced Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even in lean mice, increased dietary consumption of PUFAs resulted in a trend of increasing hypothalamic neurogenesis. When injected directly in the hypothalamus, DHA induced neurogenesis at levels superior to brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a well-known stimulator of neurogenesis (79,80). The characterization of the mechanisms involved in DHA-induced hypothalamic neurogenesis revealed GPR40 as the receptor mediating at least part of the effects of PUFAs (79).…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and The Repair Of Diet-induced Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Hypothalamic inflammation and nutrition

Araujo

Moraes

Cintra

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Selected subpopulations of hypothalamic neurons play important roles in the regulation of whole body energy homeostasis. Studies have shown that the saturated fats present in large amounts in western diets can activate an inflammatory response in the hypothalamus, affecting the capacity of such neurons to respond appropriately to satiety and adipostatic signals. In the first part of this review, we will explore the mechanisms behind saturated fatty acid-induced hypothalamic dysfunction. Next, we will present and discuss recent studies that have identified the mechanisms that mediate some of the anti-inflammatory actions of unsaturated fatty acids in the hypothalamus and the potential for exploring these mechanisms to prevent or treat obesity.

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Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and The Repair Of Diet-induced Hmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and The Repair Of Diet-induced Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and The Repair Of Diet-induced Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and The Repair Of Diet-induced Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and The Repair Of Diet-induced Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Hypothalamic inflammation and nutrition

Araujo

Moraes

Cintra

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Lipids, Brain, and Mental Health

Hussain

Rasul

Anwar

et al. 2020

Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products

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Lipids in nervous system are of particular interest because of the high concentration of lipids in brain, second only to adipose tissue, of which a major part is found in myelin. These lipids are involved in the structure of cell membranes in the brain and display a variety of biological functions to maintain vital cellular processes at various levels: work as energy source, serve as signaling molecules, and withstand structural integrity of cellular compartment and membranes. Lipids in the form of fatty acids participate actively in the development of the nervous system at embryonic and early postnatal stage and are crucial for its maintenance throughout adulthood. The involvement of deregulated metabolism of lipids in many nervous system disorders, pathological conditions and injuries underscores the importance of lipids in maintaining normal cell signaling and tissue physiology. The correction of altered lipid levels by exogenous supply is considered as a most promising therapeutic approach. It is believed that they contribute in their own right by as yet incompletely understood mechanisms to those pathological processes. This article attempts to provide an overview of the lipid imbalances associated with CNS injury (traumatic brain injury, stroke, and spinal cord injury), neurological disorders (schizophrenia, anxiety, and depressive illnesses), and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis). Fatty acids as biomarkers of diseases are briefly discussed as well as their therapeutic potential which will provide new insights to exploit these lipids to open new avenues for improving brain health, prevention, and treatment of nervous system disorders.

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Endurance training prevents inflammation and apoptosis in hypothalamic neurons of obese mice

Marinho

Muñoz

Pauli

et al. 2018

Journal Cellular Physiology

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This study investigated the effects of exercise training in regulating inflammatory processes, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in hypothalamic neurons of obese mice. Swiss mice were distributed into three groups: Lean mice (Lean), sedentary animals fed a standard diet; obese mice (Obese), sedentary animals fed a high-fat diet (HFD); trained obese mice (T. Obese), animals fed with HFD and concurrently subjected to an endurance training protocol for 8 weeks. In the endurance training protocol, mice ran on a treadmill at 60% of peak workload for 1 hr, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last exercise session, the euthanasia was performed. Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase biotin-dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) techniques were used for the analysis of interest. The results show exercise training increased phosphorylation of leptin signaling pathway proteins (pJAK2/pSTAT3) and reduced the content of tumor necrosis factor α, toll-like receptor 4, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B as well as the phosphorylation of IkB kinase in the hypothalamus of T. Obese animals. A reduction of macrophage activation and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) were also observed in exercised animals. Furthermore, exercise decreased the expression of the proapoptotic protein (PARP1) and increased anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and antiapoptotic (Bcl2) proteins. Using the TUNEL technique, we observed that the exercised animals had lower DNA fragmentation. Finally, physical exercise preserved pro-opiomelanocortin messenger RNA content. In conclusion, exercise training was able to reorganize the control of the energy balance through anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic responses in hypothalamic tissue of obese mice.

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n-3 Fatty Acids Induce Neurogenesis of Predominantly POMC-Expressing Cells in the Hypothalamus

Cited by 53 publications

References 54 publications

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Hypothalamic inflammation and nutrition

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Hypothalamic inflammation and nutrition

Lipids, Brain, and Mental Health

Endurance training prevents inflammation and apoptosis in hypothalamic neurons of obese mice

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