n-3 fatty acids effectively improve the reference memory-related learning ability associated with increased brain docosahexaenoic acid-derived docosanoids in aged rats

Hashimoto, Michio; Katakura, Masanori; Tanabe, Yoko; Mamun, Abdullah Al; Inoue, Takayuki; Hossain, Shahdat; Arita, Makoto; Shido, Osamu

doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.009

Cited by 75 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…α-Linolenic acid can be converted into EPA and DHA (Ghafoorunissa 1992). We have previously reported that EPA and DHA improve hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, platelet aggregation, oxidative stress and brain cognition in rats (Hashimoto et al 1999, 2002, 2009, 2015; Hossain et al 1995, 1998, 1999; Gamoh et al 1999). Their roles in humans have also been reported elsewhere (Takayama et al 2013; Hashimoto et al 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate composition and fatty acid analysis of Lablab purpureus (L.) legume seed: implicates to both protein and essential fatty acid supplementation

et al. 2016

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The high mortality rate in Bangladesh is related to poverty, which results in protein malnutrition, essential fatty acid deficiency and lacks in adequate vitamins, minerals and calorie. Exploring new food items with improved dietary nutrition factors may, therefore, help to decrease the mortality rate in the poor countries like Bangladesh. Accordingly, the present study was a proximate composition and fatty acid analysis of L. purpureus seed—a legume seed which is given no careful attention locally, though it might be a good source of valuable nutrition factors for both animals and humans. The purpose of the study was, therefore, to generate awareness that L. purpureus could also act as a good source of food components essential for good health. Proximate analysis revealed that the seed powder contained 8.47 ± 0.52% moisture; 3.50 ± 0.0.07% ash; 1.02 ± 0.06% total fat; 23.95 ± 0.15% total protein; 1.21 ± 0.16% total dietary fiber; 61.86 ± 0.70% total carbohydrate and 352.4 ± 2.66 kcal/100 g energy. Phytic acid content (%) was 1.014 ± 0.048. Major fatty acid composition (%): the essential fatty acid linoleic acid (C18:2, ω-6) was 9.50 ± 0.68, while the linolenic acid (C18:3, ω-3) was 1.95 ± 0.18. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were, respectively, 2.96 ± 0.19, 0.77 ± 0.04 and 1.10 ± 0.06. Lignoceric acid (C24:0) was 0.11 ± 0.007%. Monounsaturated palmitoleic acid (0.006 ± 0.0), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5, ω-3) and nervonic acid (0.002 ± 0.0) were present in trace amounts. Arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4, ω-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, ω-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, ω-3) were not detected. The fatty acid profile, thus, suggests that essential omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid (C18:3, ω-6) and omega-3 linolenic acid (C18:3, ω-3) were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) present in L. purpureus seed. In addition, the seed contained high amount of proteins. Finally, these results suggest that L. purpureus seed could be used as a good source of quality food components, including protein and essential fatty acids.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate composition and fatty acid analysis of Lablab purpureus (L.) legume seed: implicates to both protein and essential fatty acid supplementation

et al. 2016

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“…The authors suggested that a defect in the production of resolvins in the brain could be connected to the evolution of AD. Similarly, an experimental study has demonstrated that ageing rats treated with DHA present improved memory, which was accompanied by increased brain levels of RvD2 [40]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have employed DHA or other substrates to induce the synthesis of endogenous RvD2 [13, 40], whereas others have used RvD2 directly [38]. Here, we first evaluated the impact of dietary substitution of saturated by unsaturated fats on the activity of the RvD2 system in the hypothalamus; next, we treated mice with DHA-injected icv in the hypothalamus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolvin RvD2 reduces hypothalamic inflammation and rescues mice from diet-induced obesity

Pascoal

Bombassaro

Ramalho

et al. 2017

J Neuroinflammation

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BackgroundDiet-induced hypothalamic inflammation is an important mechanism leading to dysfunction of neurons involved in controlling body mass. Studies have shown that polyunsaturated fats can reduce hypothalamic inflammation. Here, we evaluated the presence and function of RvD2, a resolvin produced from docosahexaenoic acid, in the hypothalamus of mice.MethodsMale Swiss mice were fed either chow or a high-fat diet. RvD2 receptor and synthetic enzymes were evaluated by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. RvD2 was determined by mass spectrometry. Dietary and pharmacological approaches were used to modulate the RvD2 system in the hypothalamus, and metabolic phenotype consequences were determined.ResultsAll enzymes involved in the synthesis of RvD2 were detected in the hypothalamus and were modulated in response to the consumption of dietary saturated fats, leading to a reduction of hypothalamic RvD2. GPR18, the receptor for RvD2, which was detected in POMC and NPY neurons, was also modulated by dietary fats. The substitution of saturated by polyunsaturated fats in the diet resulted in increased hypothalamic RvD2, which was accompanied by reduced body mass and improved glucose tolerance. The intracerebroventricular treatment with docosahexaenoic acid resulted in increased expression of the RvD2 synthetic enzymes, increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and improved metabolic phenotype. Finally, intracerebroventricular treatment with RvD2 resulted in reduced adiposity, improved glucose tolerance and increased hypothalamic expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionsThus, RvD2 is produced in the hypothalamus, and its receptor and synthetic enzymes are modulated by dietary fats. The improved metabolic outcomes of RvD2 make this substance an attractive approach to treat obesity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0777-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Recently, Mfsd2a, which is expressed in the blood–brain barrier endothelium, was identified as a major transporter for DHA, but not EPA, uptake into the brain . Furthermore, there are numerous recent studies showing that n‐3 PUFA induce neuroprotection against centrally‐acting neurotoxins, while upregulating neurotropic factor (BDNF), and facilitating neurogenesis . In addition, the potential neuroprotective effects of n‐3 PUFA against amyloidogenesis, and oxidative stress in AD have been described .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid intervention on cognitive function and mental health of the oldest elderly in Japanese care facilities and nursing homes

Hashimoto

Kato²,

Tanabe

et al. 2016

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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n-3 fatty acids effectively improve the reference memory-related learning ability associated with increased brain docosahexaenoic acid-derived docosanoids in aged rats

Cited by 75 publications

References 30 publications

Proximate composition and fatty acid analysis of Lablab purpureus (L.) legume seed: implicates to both protein and essential fatty acid supplementation

Proximate composition and fatty acid analysis of Lablab purpureus (L.) legume seed: implicates to both protein and essential fatty acid supplementation

Resolvin RvD2 reduces hypothalamic inflammation and rescues mice from diet-induced obesity

Beneficial effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid intervention on cognitive function and mental health of the oldest elderly in Japanese care facilities and nursing homes

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