Myths, facts and conditional truths: What is the evidence on the risks associated with smoking in cars carrying children?

Pawson, Ray; Wong, Geoff; Owen, Lesley

doi:10.1503/cmaj.100903

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We suggest that this works better in cases where the area of investigation has a singular question [e.g., Should smoking be banned in vehicles? (Pawson et al ., )], and less well in cases in which the research question is open ended (e.g., What are the benefits of PR?). For realist syntheses, MRT is expected to be an abstracted (i.e., middle‐ranged) form of program theory that can be divided into theory parts and tested against corresponding to program components (Pawson, ).…”

Section: The Logic Underpinning Realist Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical reflections on realist review: insights from customizing the methodology to the needs of participatory research assessment

et al. 2013

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Realist review has increased in popularity as a methodology for complex intervention assessment. Our experience suggests that the process of designing a realist review requires its customization to areas under investigation. To elaborate on this idea, we first describe the logic underpinning realist review and then present critical reflections on our application experience, organized in seven areas. These are the following: (1) the challenge of identifying middle range theory; (2) addressing heterogeneity and lack of conceptual clarity; (3) the challenge of appraising the quality of complex evidence; (4) the relevance of capturing unintended outcomes; (5) understanding the process of context, mechanism, and outcome (CMO) configuring; (6) incorporating middle-range theory in the CMO configuration process; and (7) using middle range theory to advance the conceptualization of outcomes - both visible and seemingly 'hidden'. One conclusion from our experience is that the degree of heterogeneity of the evidence base will determine whether theory can drive the development of review protocols from the outset, or will follow only after an intense period of data immersion. We hope that presenting a critical reflection on customizing realist review will convey how the methodology can be tailored to the often complex and idiosyncratic features of health research, leading to innovative evidence syntheses.

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Section: The Logic Underpinning Realist Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical reflections on realist review: insights from customizing the methodology to the needs of participatory research assessment

et al. 2013

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“…It has always been stressed that innovation in realist research design will be required to tackle a widening array of policies and programmes (Pawson, 2006: 93-9). It has always been stressed that this version of realism is Popperian and Campbellian in its philosophy of science and thus relishes the use of the brave conjecture and the application of judgement (Pawson et al, 2011). From these vantage points, it can be seen that realist inquiry is a broad and welcoming church.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A realist diagnostic workshop

2012

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The realist approach can now be said to be part of the repertoire of evaluation methods. There has been a corresponding shift in methodological focus. Polemical thrust and counter-thrust about the realist contribution as compared to that of other evaluative approaches such as randomized trials and meta-analysis has given way to closer examination of its practice 'on the ground'. This article seeks to make a contribution to the literature on how to conduct realist inquiry through a constructive critique of recently published 'realist evaluations'.

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“…The hazards of SHS are likely to be exacerbated inside vehicles, even when the windows are down 3–8. A detailed review of these hazard levels made the following conclusions: ‘i) because of the confined cabin space, and ii) under the worst ventilation conditions, and iii) in terms of peak contamination, the evidence permits us to say that smoking in cars generates fine particulate concentrations that are, iv) very rarely experienced in the realm of air-quality studies, and that will thus constitute a significant health risk because, v) exposure to smoking in cars is still commonplace, and vi) children are particularly susceptible …’ 9. Survey data from 2007 indicate that over 40% of smokers in the USA smoke in cars with non-smokers present 10.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective measurement of area differences in ‘private’ smoking behaviour: observing smoking in vehicles

2011

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Myths, facts and conditional truths: What is the evidence on the risks associated with smoking in cars carrying children?

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Critical reflections on realist review: insights from customizing the methodology to the needs of participatory research assessment

Critical reflections on realist review: insights from customizing the methodology to the needs of participatory research assessment

A realist diagnostic workshop

Objective measurement of area differences in ‘private’ smoking behaviour: observing smoking in vehicles

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