Myth of the Industrial Scrap Heap: A Revisionist View of Turn-of-the-   Century American Retirement

Carter, Susan B.; Sutch, Richard

doi:10.3386/h0073

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…12. This method has also been used to measure other forms of migration (Carter and Sutch 1996). A general description of the census survival method can be found in Sutch (1975) and Shryock, Siegel, and Associates (1976).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immigration, Labor Market Mobility, and the Earnings of Native‐Born Workers

Pedace

2006

American J Econ Sociol

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This article seeks to improve on previous estimates of the impact of immigration on native wages by using an occupational segmentation approach that directly controls for regional migration and other shifts in the native-born U.S. labor supply. The U.S. labor market is segmented by occupation in order to determine which, if any, native workers tend to be vulnerable to increased immigrant competition for jobs. The results suggest that native-born workers in the primary sector are the main beneficiaries of increased immigration, while native-born Hispanic females in the secondary sector are the most susceptible to downward wage pressures.

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immigration, Labor Market Mobility, and the Earnings of Native‐Born Workers

Pedace

2006

American J Econ Sociol

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“…Carter and Sutch (1996) estimate that at the beginning of the twentieth century, a 55-year-old man had only a 21.5% probability of retiring before he died, excluding “death-bed retirement” associated with illness in the last weeks of life.…”

Section: Historical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality change, the uncertainty effect, and retirement

Kalemli‐Özcan

Weil

2010

J Econ Growth

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We examine the role of declining mortality in explaining the rise of retirement over the course of the 20th century. We construct a model in which individuals make labor/leisure choices over their lifetimes subject to uncertainty about their dates of death. In an environment with high mortality, an individual who saves for retirement faces a high risk of dying before he can enjoy his planned leisure. In this case, the optimal plan is for people to work until they die. As mortality falls, however, it becomes optimal to plan, and save for, retirement. We analyze our model using two mathematical formulations of the survival function as well as data on actual changes in the US life table over the last century, and show that this “uncertainty effect” of declining mortality would have more than outweighed the “horizon effect” by which rising life expectancy would have led to later retirement.

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“…One of the most important causes of this in the 1930s was the continuation of the crushing economic crisis of the Depression. Before the 1930s, older people did not retire because of advanced age 59,60 and in fact stayed in the workplace until they had sufficient funds to retire 61 . However, by the early 1930s, especially in the wake of the Depression, retirement in old age was considered essential to help younger workers find jobs 62,63 .…”

Section: Late 1930s and Beyondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Popular Views of Old Age in America, 1900–1950

Hirshbein

2001

J American Geriatrics Society

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The aging of the American population has significantly changed medical practice over the last century. As is well known, life expectancy first began to increase dramatically in the late 19th century, but at the same time that the numbers of older people have been increasing, the social and cultural meanings of growing old have also changed. It is likely that different cohorts of older people have had different experiences with old age because of the time periods they lived through. This paper offers one way to look at some of the historical changes that have affected the public and the medical profession on the subject of old age by looking at old age through American popular literature in the first half of the 20th century in three overlapping time periods. In the first three decades of the century, the concept of old age was widely defined, and older people (rather than physicians) were the principal authorities in describing the qualities of old age. In the third and fourth decades of the century, the idea of old age was starting to acquire increasing negative connotations, but chronological age itself did not signal the beginning of old age. However, by the late 1930s and 1940s, old age became widely viewed as a specific social and medical problem to be addressed by professionals, and older people had become a recognizable population, with a variety of groups organized around their care. This paper illustrates changes in American understandings of old age within and without the medical profession and suggests ways in which popular conceptions of old age might continue to shift and affect how physicians take care of their older patients in the future.

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Myth of the Industrial Scrap Heap: A Revisionist View of Turn-of-the- Century American Retirement

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Immigration, Labor Market Mobility, and the Earnings of Native‐Born Workers

Immigration, Labor Market Mobility, and the Earnings of Native‐Born Workers

Mortality change, the uncertainty effect, and retirement

Popular Views of Old Age in America, 1900–1950

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