Mystery swine disease in the Netherlands: The isolation of Lelystad virus

Wensvoort, G.; Terpstra, C.; Pol, J.M.A.; Laak, E. A. ter; Bloemraad, M.; Kluyver, E.P. de; Kragten, C.; Buiten, L. van; Besten, A. den; Wagenaar, F.; Broekhuijsen, J.M.; Moonen, P.L.J.M.; Zetstra, T; Boer, E.A de; Tibben, H.J.; Jong, M.F. de; Veld, P. van ‘t; Greenland, G.J.R.; Gennep, J.A. van; Voets, M.Th.; Verheijden, J.H.M.; Braamskamp, J.

doi:10.1080/01652176.1991.9694296

Cited by 1,185 publications

(864 citation statements)

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“…Acute reproductive failure in sows was observed when PRRSV was introduced in the Tolakker herd, which agreed with numerous other reports [1,2,[24][25][26]. Four months later, the performance parameters returned to the level before the outbreak.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The IPMA was performed according to standard methods previously described [2]. Briefly, porcine alveolar macrophages were seeded in microtitre plates.…”

Section: Laboratory Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples of abdominal fluids were tested for the presence of PRRSV as previously described [2]. Briefly, porcine alveolar macrophages were seeded at a concentration of 10& cells in each well of microtitre plates, and were inoculated with tenfold dilutions (starting at 1 : 10) of abdominal fluids shortly thereafter.…”

Section: Laboratory Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In its epidemic form, PRRS is characterized by massive reproductive disorders of pregnant sows, perinatal losses and respiratory distress of piglets [1]. The causative agent, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), was isolated by Wensvoort and colleagues [2]. The virus is a small enveloped RNA virus that is classified as member of the family Arteriviridae, order Nidovirales [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction, persistence and fade-out of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a Dutch breeding herd: a mathematical analysis

Nodelijk

Jong²,

Nes

et al. 2000

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to investigate the dynamics of PRRSV infection and to quantify transmission within a breeding herd, and its impact on herd performance. For this purpose a longitudinal study was performed in a closed breeding herd of 115 sows. Statistical methods and Monte Carlo simulations based on stochastic SIR models were used to analyse the observational data. Moreover, a case-control study was performed to determine whether seroconversion of sows during gestation was associated with aberrant litters. The transmission parameter R was estimated to be 3n0 (95 % confidence interval 1n5-6n0) for the model version based on the most plausible assumptions that the infectious period lasts 56 days and no lifelong immunity exists after infection. Based on simulations using a breeding herd of equal size the average time-to-extinction was estimated to be 6 years ; using a herd of twice the size, it was 80 years. Furthermore, in contrast to the epidemic phase of the disease, the endemic phase was not detrimental to herd performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The IPMA was performed according to standard methods previously described [2]. Briefly, porcine alveolar macrophages were seeded in microtitre plates.…”

Section: Laboratory Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratory Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Introduction, persistence and fade-out of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a Dutch breeding herd: a mathematical analysis

Nodelijk

Jong²,

Nes

et al. 2000

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Now the disease occurs in most pig-producing countries and causes great economic loss to swine industry worldwide except for few countries including Switzerland, New Zealand and Australia [7,21]. The causative agent, PRRSV, is an enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus with an approximate diameter of 50-65 nm and belongs to the family Arteriviridae in the order of Nidovirales [8,31]. There are two distinct genotypes of PRRSV: genotype 1 (European) and genotype 2 (North American) which, share only about 60 % identity on the nucleotide level, while individual PRRSV isolates within genotypes varies approximately 20 % in nucleotide sequence [13,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indian porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus bears discontinuous deletion of 30 amino acids in nonstructural protein 2

et al. 2016

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Since its first outbreak in 2013, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has established as an enzootic disease in pig population of Mizoram state, India. Our previous studies based on phylogenetic analysis of ORF5 and ORF7 gene sequences revealed close relationship of Indian PRRSV with the highly pathogenic variant of PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) of Chinese origin. Despite the control measures, second major outbreak of the disease was recorded in Aizawl district of Mizoram in 2015. The objective of the present study was to examine the origin of PRRSV isolates of 2015 outbreak, identification of deleted region in Nsp2 gene and determination of any genetic variation between 2013 and 2015 isolates of PRRSV. The outbreak was confirmed by the detection of PRRSVspecific antibodies in 57 out of 92 serum samples (61.96 %) and also by RT-PCR in 42 out of 42 necropsy samples (100 %). Nucleotide sequence analysis of Nsp2 coding region of Indian isolates and comparison with reference sequences revealed 90 nucleotides discontinuous deletion further establishes the closeness of Indian PRRSV to Chinese HP-PRRSV. Further, sequence and phylogenetic analysis of ORF5, ORF7 and Nsp2 genes of Indian PRRSV from both 2013 and 2015 revealed that the outbreaks were caused by two different strains of HP-PRRSV closely associated with the Chinese 10 HEB-3 isolate and 07QN isolates of Vietnam origin respectively. The present study confirms that the Indian PRRSV is a highly pathogenic variant of PRRSV and this study serves as the basis for developing practical and effective control measures against this disease.

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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Epidemiology

Zimmerman¹,

Morilla

Yoon

2002

Trends in Emerging Viral Infections of Swine

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This is a brief overview of the current situation regarding PRRSV, with an emphasis on information that has appeared in the literature within the last 5 years. This period has been marked by 1) A growing recognition of the high cost of PRRS to swine producers; 2) Continued producer frustration with the (poor) control of PRRS; 3) Heightened interest in regional elimination of PRRSV, but reluctance to proceed without more reliable methods of achieving the objective; 4) Reports (and "counter reports") of newly emerging, highly virulent, PRRSV isolates; and 5) Innovation in the application of diagnostics to surveillance. PRRSV CHANGES IN GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONPRRSV was diagnosed in Africa for the first time in June 2004 following outbreaks in Western Cape Province, South Africa (OIE, 2005a). Steps were taken to eliminate the disease, i.e., quarantine, stamping out, premise disinfection. Serologic tests did not identify additional infected sites at that time, but new outbreaks were identified in October 2005 (OIE, 2005b) and again in August 2007 (Beltran-Alcrudo et al., 2007). A source of the virus has not been determined and remains a point of strong interest.Chile is on the verge of becoming the first country to eradicate PRRSV. Begun in 2001, by Chilean swine producers organization (ASPROCER) in coordination with animal health government agencies, the national PRRSV eradication program is close to achieving its objective. According to the Chilean swine producers organization (ASPROCER), the last PRRSV-positive pigs were sent to the abattoir on April 2, 2007. Chilean producers are currently in the process of culling all sows that were present at the time of infection (Anon, 2007). ECONOMICSThe cost of PRRS due to reproductive outbreaks was recognized early in the PRRSV pandemic, e.g., in 1990Polson et al. (1990 estimated losses at $236 USD per sow during an acute outbreak of reproductive PRRS due to infertility, abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal mortality. More recently, there is a developing recognition of the cost of PRRSV infection in

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Mystery swine disease in the Netherlands: The isolation of Lelystad virus

Cited by 1,185 publications

References 18 publications

Introduction, persistence and fade-out of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a Dutch breeding herd: a mathematical analysis

Introduction, persistence and fade-out of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a Dutch breeding herd: a mathematical analysis

Indian porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus bears discontinuous deletion of 30 amino acids in nonstructural protein 2

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Epidemiology

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