Myrtus communis L. Extract Ameliorates High Fat Diet Induced Kidney and Bladder Damage by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Abstract

Objective: Obesity is associated with many diseases, including urinary system disorders such as chronic kidney disease and overactive bladder syndrome. Myrtus communis L. (MC) extract has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of MC extract on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced kidney and bladder damage. Materials and Methods:Wistar albino male rats were divided into three experimental groups: control, HFD and HFD+MC. Experimental groups were fed a standard diet (control group) or HFD (HFD and HFD+MC groups) for 16 weeks. MC extract (100 mg/kg) was administered to the HFD+MC group orally during the last 4 weeks (5 days/week) of the experiment. Highdensity lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride and leptin levels were measured in blood serum. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were evaluated biochemically. Kidney and bladder morphology, NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ҡB)-positive and apoptotic cells were evaluated histologically.Results: Lipid profiles altered and leptin levels increased in blood serum. MDA, 8-OHdG and MPO levels increased and GSH level decreased in kidney and bladder in the HFD group. Moreover, degenerated kidney and bladder morphology, increased NOX-2 and NF-ҡB-positive and apoptotic cells were observed in this group. All of these biochemical and histological parameters were ameliorated in the HFD+MC group. Conclusion:HFD-induced obesity causes kidney and bladder damage by oxidative and inflammatory processes. MC extract may reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and play a protective role in obesity-related kidney and bladder damage.

Morphological and biochemical evaluation of effects of Myrtus communis L. extract on heart and aorta in high fat-diet-induced obese rats

“…Also, previous studies have demonstrated significant alterations in lipid profiles such as an increase in serum triglyceride and cholesterol and a decrease in HDL levels in obese animals [7,17]. MC treatment ameliorate biochemical alterations significantly and prevented dyslipidemia in HFD-induced obese rats [17]. Parallel to these findings, our study revealed an increase in triglyceride and cholesterol levels and a decrease in HDL levels in the blood serum, and MC treatment reversed these alterations.…”

“…The present study showed that MC treatment reduces the body weight in HFD-induced obese rats. Also, previous studies have demonstrated significant alterations in lipid profiles such as an increase in serum triglyceride and cholesterol and a decrease in HDL levels in obese animals [7,17]. MC treatment ameliorate biochemical alterations significantly and prevented dyslipidemia in HFD-induced obese rats [17].…”

“…HFD increases the production of ROS and induces the pathological changes in tissues [35]. MDA is the key indicator of lipid peroxidation and it was reported that MDA levels increased in the HFD induced obesity [15,17,21]. Previous studies revealed that antioxidant agents decreased MDA levels in HFD induced obesity [18,36,37].…”

“…It is known to have anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antitussive, antiallergic, antiemetic, and diuretic effects. It has beneficial effects in experimental diabetes and hyperlipidemia [16,17,18]. Its ability to suppress inflammatory processes and scavenge oxygen-free radicals suggests that it is suitable for improving dysfunction in obesity [19].…”

“…Its ability to suppress inflammatory processes and scavenge oxygen-free radicals suggests that it is suitable for improving dysfunction in obesity [19]. Recent studies have shown that MC extract has antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects on experimental renovascular hypertension and obesity-induced renal and bladder damage [17,20]. Based on the studies, we purposed to study the possible protective effects of MC on HFD-induced heart and aorta damage via biochemical and histological analysis.…”