Abstract:This in vitro study evaluated the effect of myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MYTAB) on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of an experimental dental resin. The resin was formulated with dental dimetacrylate monomers and a photoinitiator/co-initiator system. MYTAB was added at 0.5 (G 0.5% ), 1 (G 1% ), and 2 (G 2% ) wt %, and one group remained without MYTAB and was used as the control (G Ctrl ). The resins were analyzed for the polymerization kinetics, degree of conversion, ultimate tensile str… Show more
“…The antifungal mechanism of DMAHDM is still not clear but is assumed to be led by the interaction between the phospholipid components of the cytoplasmic membrane, and a net positive charge on microbial cells (Jain et al, 2017; Obłąk, Piecuch, Krasowska, & Łuczyński, 2013). Similar to the bacteria, the suggested mechanism is producing membrane distortion as well as ATP, leakage, forcefully disrupting plasma membrane structure, and decreasing the survival of fungal cells (Fait, Bakas, Garrote, Morcelle, & Saparrat, 2019). DMAHDM held a high surface charge density (Li et al, 2014), which has been suggested as a critical factor for determining the antifungal efficacy.…”
Herein, we investigated a biointeractive tooth sealing material consisted of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (NACPs) to address the above issues simultaneously. Of note, 5% DMAHDM was incorporated into the resin blend, and 20% NACP was added to inorganic filler content of dental formulations intended as dental sealants. The sealing materials were used to seal human extracted teeth. The sealed teeth were subjected to an early childhood caries (ECC) key pathogen (Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans) biofilm model using a dynamic caries tooth model (CDC reactor). The biofilm growth over the sealed teeth was assessed via colony-forming unit counting metabolic activity assays. The enamel surface hardness loss, degree of conversion, shear bond strength (SBS), and cytotoxicity were also investigated. Formulations having DMAHDM displayed antibacterial efficiency of 2.8-3.5 and 1.4-4.0 log inhibition for Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, respectively. Furthermore, the metabolic activity was reduced on the top of the sealed tooth with the biointeractive sealing materials (p < .05). The degree of conversion values was acceptable. The enamel surface hardness loss decreases (36 ± 9.8%) when in contact with the biointeractive tooth sealing material. The SBS of the combined formulation (5% DMAHDM + 20% NACP) was lower than commercial sealant but similar to experimental control. The investigated sealing material holds valuable dual antibacterial and antifungal activities associated with a reduced mineral loss against the cariogenic challenge promoted by ECC key pathogens.
“…The antifungal mechanism of DMAHDM is still not clear but is assumed to be led by the interaction between the phospholipid components of the cytoplasmic membrane, and a net positive charge on microbial cells (Jain et al, 2017; Obłąk, Piecuch, Krasowska, & Łuczyński, 2013). Similar to the bacteria, the suggested mechanism is producing membrane distortion as well as ATP, leakage, forcefully disrupting plasma membrane structure, and decreasing the survival of fungal cells (Fait, Bakas, Garrote, Morcelle, & Saparrat, 2019). DMAHDM held a high surface charge density (Li et al, 2014), which has been suggested as a critical factor for determining the antifungal efficacy.…”
Herein, we investigated a biointeractive tooth sealing material consisted of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (NACPs) to address the above issues simultaneously. Of note, 5% DMAHDM was incorporated into the resin blend, and 20% NACP was added to inorganic filler content of dental formulations intended as dental sealants. The sealing materials were used to seal human extracted teeth. The sealed teeth were subjected to an early childhood caries (ECC) key pathogen (Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans) biofilm model using a dynamic caries tooth model (CDC reactor). The biofilm growth over the sealed teeth was assessed via colony-forming unit counting metabolic activity assays. The enamel surface hardness loss, degree of conversion, shear bond strength (SBS), and cytotoxicity were also investigated. Formulations having DMAHDM displayed antibacterial efficiency of 2.8-3.5 and 1.4-4.0 log inhibition for Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, respectively. Furthermore, the metabolic activity was reduced on the top of the sealed tooth with the biointeractive sealing materials (p < .05). The degree of conversion values was acceptable. The enamel surface hardness loss decreases (36 ± 9.8%) when in contact with the biointeractive tooth sealing material. The SBS of the combined formulation (5% DMAHDM + 20% NACP) was lower than commercial sealant but similar to experimental control. The investigated sealing material holds valuable dual antibacterial and antifungal activities associated with a reduced mineral loss against the cariogenic challenge promoted by ECC key pathogens.
“…QACs have been studied due to their high and broad antibacterial spectra, even at small concentrations [25][26][27]. In the case of TAT, it was suggested that the mechanism of antibacterial action is due to "contact killing" effect [6].…”
: Quaternary ammonium compounds and calcium phosphates have been incorporated into dental materials to enhance their biointeractivity and preventive effects. This study aimed at evaluating the physical and chemical properties and effects against Streptococcus mutans of a dental sealant containing 1,3,5-tri acryloyl hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TAT) and α-tricalcium phosphate (α‐TCP). A methacrylate-based dental sealant was initially formulated. α‐TCP and TAT (Gα-TCPTAT) were added to the experimental sealant at 2 wt.% each. One group was formulated without α‐TCP and TAT and used as control (GCTRL). All tested resins were analyzed for polymerization kinetics and degree of conversion (DC %), Knoop hardness (KHN), softening in solvent (∆KHN%), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the contact angle with water or with α-bromonaphthalene, surface free energy (SFE) and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans in biofilm and in planktonic cells. The polymerization kinetic was different between groups, but without statistical differences in the DC % (p<0.05). KHN and ΔKHN% did not change between groups (p>0.05), but Gα-TCPTAT presented greater UTS compared to GCTRL (p<0.05). No differences were found for contact angle (p>0.05) or SFE (p>0.05). Gα-TCPTAT showed greater antibacterial activity in comparison to GCTRL (p<0.05). The formulation of dental sealants containing TAT and α-TCP can be characterized by improved mechanical and antibacterial properties.
“…The resin infiltrants were tested for ultimate tensile strength (UTS) using ten samples per group [ 29 ]. The samples were prepared in a metallic mold measuring 8.0 mm long, 2.0 mm wide, and 1.0 mm thickness.…”
Resin infiltrants have been effectively applied in dentistry to manage non-cavitated carious lesions in proximal dental surfaces. However, the common formulations are composed of inert methacrylate monomers. In this study, we developed a novel resin infiltrant with microcapsules loaded with an ionic liquid (MC-IL), and analyzed the physical properties and cytotoxicity of the dental resin. First, the ionic liquid 1-
n
-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMI.NTf
2
) was synthesized. BMI.NTf
2
has previously shown antibacterial activity in a dental resin. Then, MC-IL were synthesized by the deposition of a preformed polymer. The MC-IL were analyzed for particle size and de-agglomeration effect via laser diffraction analysis and shape via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The infiltrants were formulated, and the MC-IL were incorporated at 2.5%, 5%, and 10 wt%. A group without MC-IL was used as a control. The infiltrants were evaluated for ultimate tensile strength (UTS), contact angle, surface free energy (SFE), and cytotoxicity. The MC-IL showed a mean particle size of 1.64 (±0.08) μm, shriveled aspect, and a de-agglomeration profile suggestive of nanoparticles' presence in the synthesized powder. There were no differences in UTS among groups (p > 0.05). The incorporation of 10 wt% of MC-IL increased the contact angle (p < 0.05), while the addition from 5 wt% reduced the SFE in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). The human cell viability was above 90% for all groups (p > 0.05). The incorporation of microcapsules as a drug-delivery system for ionic liquids may be a promising strategy to improve dental restorative materials.
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