Myringitis: An update

Devaraja, K

doi:10.1016/j.joto.2018.11.003

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The diagnosis is typically clinical. The TM will have diffuse granulation deposits, most commonly in the posterior-superior quadrant, may have vesicles and rarely, a perforation (Devaraja, 2019). Symptoms are typically recurrent and if granular myringitis is suspected, a referral to ENT should be made for conservative or surgical management.…”

Section: Granular Myringitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Otorrhoea

Newton

Tsirevelou

2020

InnovAiT

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The discharging ear, also known as otorrhoea, is a common ear, nose and throat symptom and defined as drainage or flow exiting the ear. The discharge can be wax, blood, pus, mucus, or cerebrospinal fluid. The underlying cause can usually be determined from the history and physical examination. Most patients with otorrhoea can be managed within primary care and do not require referral or hospital admission. This article considers the common causes of a discharging ear, appropriate management, guidance for referral of patients to secondary care and some key take home points.

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Section: Granular Myringitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Otorrhoea

Newton

Tsirevelou

2020

InnovAiT

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“…Granular myringitis, which is also referred to as chronic myringitis, myringitis granulosa, granulomatous myringitis, granulation myringitis and granular external otitis, 1 is an acute or chronic condition. It is characterised by de-epithelialisation of the tympanic membrane with or without granulation tissue on the outer surface of the tympanic membrane without middle-ear disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current treatment regimens include topical antibiotics, steroid ear drops, diluted vinegar solution, diluted hydrogen peroxide, 5-fluorouracil, Castellani solution, chemical cauterisation and curettage of the granulation. 1,5 The popular topical ear drops used in our institution are topical antibiotics with or without steroids. However, with these formulations, fungal accumulation in the ear canal might sometimes occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact aetiologies and pathophysiology of granular myringitis are poorly understood; however, trauma to the tympanic membrane surface because of repeated ear cleaning or previous surgery appear to be likely aetiologies of granular myringitis. 1 Other studies suggest that infection processes from bacteria, fungus or a virus instigate the development of granular myringitis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly found from discharge cultures in granular myringitis patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly found from discharge cultures in granular myringitis patients. 1 Other causes that have been reported include swimming, high-ambient temperature, poor hygiene, local irritants and foreign bodies, as well as skin conditions, such as psoriasis and eczema. 3 There is still no conclusively established treatment guideline for granular myringitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of diluted vinegar in treating granular myringitis: a randomised controlled trial

et al. 2021

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Objective This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of granular myringitis treatment of 1 per cent diluted vinegar ear drops or 1 per cent chloramphenicol ear drops and to assess the side effects of 1 per cent diluted vinegar. Method Twenty-four patients aged over 18 years and diagnosed with granular myringitis grade I or II within 90 days of symptom onset were included. Patients were equally randomised into either the 1 per cent diluted vinegar group or the 1 per cent chloramphenicol group. Outcome of treatment and side effects were compared between groups. The main outcome measure was completely epithelialised tympanic membrane at the eight-week period. Results Eleven of 12 patients treated with 1 per cent diluted vinegar had complete recovery. In the 1 per cent chloramphenicol group, 8 of 12 patients recovered. The difference between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.156). The observed side effects of diluted vinegar included dizziness and mild external auditory canal irritation. Conclusion One per cent diluted vinegar is an interesting option for granular myringitis. Other comparative advantages of 1 per cent diluted vinegar include its low price and no induction of antimicrobial resistance.

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Potassium titanyl phosphate laser surface tympanoplasty as a novel treatment for chronic granular myringitis in a series of 14 patients

et al. 2021

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Objective Granular myringitis is a chronic and difficult-to-treat condition of the tympanic membrane. This paper presents a minimally invasive treatment technique using the potassium titanyl phosphate laser. Design A retrospective case review of patients who underwent potassium titanyl phosphate laser treatment between 2015 and 2020 was performed. All patients underwent final telephone follow up in 2020 to ascertain whether they had any ongoing myringitis symptoms, and all were offered further face-to-face follow up. Results Fourteen patients with myringitis were identified, with one patient having both ears affected. Of the 15 affected ears, 2 required a second treatment, resulting in a total of 17 laser treatment cases. At the first post-operative review, the appearance of the drum had improved in 10 out of 17 treatments (59 per cent). Conclusion Potassium titanyl phosphate laser surface tympanoplasty may provide safe, quick and effective resolution of myringitis.

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Myringitis: An update

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Otorrhoea

Otorrhoea

Efficacy of diluted vinegar in treating granular myringitis: a randomised controlled trial

Potassium titanyl phosphate laser surface tympanoplasty as a novel treatment for chronic granular myringitis in a series of 14 patients

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