MyPyramid-omega-3 fatty acid nutrition education intervention may improve food groups and omega-3 fatty acid consumption in university middle-aged women

Adherence to Food-Based Dietary Guidelines: A Systemic Review of High-Income and Low- and Middle-Income Countries

“…Findings from this review also demonstrated that discretionary foods and other high sugar and fat sources may exceed the recommendations in national FBDGs. However, it may be noted that most of the included studies assessing fat consumption only reported total fat intake or the combination of fats and oils, with the exception of one study that evaluated food groups and omega-3 fatty acid consumption after a nutrition education program [32]. Thus, most studies did not differentiate between the types of fat consumed in the diet, such as saturated fats, trans fats, and unsaturated fats (e.g., omega 3/omega 6 fatty acids).…”

“…From the 49 articles included, only 1 article (2.0%) was case-control [27] while 83.7% of the studies (n = 41) were cross-sectional, 4 (8.2%) longitudinal [28][29][30][31], and 3 (6.1%) randomized controlled trial [32][33][34]. From the 41 cross-sectional studies, 21 (42.9%) were performed in representative samples of individuals [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52].…”

“…The average sample size for the HIC studies were 12,355 ranging from 32 [34] to 25,2425 [30], while average sample size for the LMIC were 745,050 ranging from 490 [57] to 32,898 [51]. The studies were conducted in the following countries: United States of America (USA) (n = 17) [27,32,34,35,46,[48][49][50][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66], Canada (n = 6) [31,36,44,[67][68][69], Brazil (n = 4) [42,51,53,54], Switzerland (n = 4) [29,37,40,43], Australia (n = 3) [70][71][72], China (n = 2) [55,58], Belgium (n = 2) [38,73], Spain (n = 2) [30,47], Denmark (n = 1) [28], Egypt (n = 1) [52], Germany (n = 1) [74], Greenland (n = 1) [75], Iceland (n = 1)…”

“…The studies were conducted in the following countries: United States of America (USA) (n = 17) [27,32,34,35,46,[48][49][50][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66], Canada (n = 6) [31,36,44,[67][68][69], Brazil (n = 4) [42,51,53,54], Switzerland (n = 4) [29,37,40,43], Australia (n = 3) [70][71][72], China (n = 2) [55,58], Belgium (n = 2) [38,73], Spain (n = 2) [30,47], Denmark (n = 1) [28], Egypt (n = 1) [52], Germany (n = 1) [74], Greenland (n = 1) [75], Iceland (n = 1) [33], Malaysia (n = 1) [56], Mexico (n = 1) [41], Qatar (n = 1) [39], South Korea (n = 1) [45], and Sri Lanka (n = 1)…”