Myotis Kaup, 1829 (Vespertilionidae: Myotinae) comprises a diverse group of small to large-sized vespertilionid bats with a worldwide distribution, including more than one hundred species (SIMMONS 2005). Twelve South American species are recognized currently (WILSON 2008). Nevertheless, about 60 names have been proposed for South American Myotis since the description of the first species from that continent, Myotis albescens (É. Geoffroy, 1806), more than two centuries ago. Among them, Myotis punensis J.A. Allen, 1914 was described based on a single specimen from Isla Puna, Ecuador. MILLER & ALLEN (1928) regarded the name Myotis punensis as a junior synonym of Myotis albescens. Later LAVAL (1973) identified the holotype of M. punensis as M. nigricans (Schinz, 1821). LAVAL (1973) applied the name Myotis punensis to populations of M. nigricans from lowland localities on the west side of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, recognizing them at the subspecific level as M. nigricans punensis J.A. Allen, 1914. Subsequently, BOGAN (1978 refuted the distinctness of those populations and recommended that the name Myotis nigricans punensis should be relegated to the synonymy of Myotis nigricans nigricans, but without examining the holotype of M. punensis. BOGAN'S (1978) suggestion was followed by SIMMONS (2005) and WILSON (2008), who considered Myotis punensis a junior synonym of Myotis nigricans.As part of an ongoing systematic and biogeographic review of South American species of Myotis and in order to further investigate the identity of M. punensis, we compared its holotype with the South American species of Myotis currently recognized.
MATERIAL AND METHODSWe evaluated the taxonomic status of M. punensis by comparing its holotype (AMNH 36263) Thomas, 1901. A list of specimens examined and their localities is in the Appendix 1. A set of qualitative and quantitative characters reported as diagnostic by previous authors (THOMAS 1901, 1902, MILLER & ALLEN 1928, HANDLEY 1960, LAVAL 1973, BAUD & MENU 1993, LÓPEZ-GONZÁLEZ et al. 2001, LÓPEZ-GONZÁLEZ 2005, WILSON 2008 were used in comparisons. The qualitative characters selected were: plagiopatagium attachment (attached at ankles; at toes by a narrow band of membrane; or at toes by a broad band of membrane); occurrence of a fringe of hairs along the trailing edge of the uropatagium (absent or present); position of P3 (aligned with other premolars or displaced to the lingual side, and visible or not visible when observed in lateral view); occurrence and height of sagittal and occipital crests (absent or present; and height: very low, low, medium and high); shape of the braincase roof (parietal inclined forward or straight when observed in lateral view); shape of the supraoccipital region (supraoccipital and posteriormost part of parietals flattened when observed in lateral view, not projecting much beyond the limit of the occipital condyles, or supraoccipital and posteriormost part of parietals rounded, projecting beyond the limit of the occipital condyles). N...