“…tumor necrosis factor, angiotensin II, CHF) contribute to muscle loss. 4 Because myostatin has been shown to be increased in many, but not all, induced animal models and people with CHF, 5e8 myostatin antagonism is hypothesized to be an effective method of preventing and treating cachexia. Myostatin antagonism has been studied in rodent models of cachexia, 9e11 but large clinical trials in people with cachexia, sarcopenia, or muscular dystrophy have not yet been published.…”