Myositis and Death in Bobwhites, Colinus Virginianus (L.), Due to Hemorrhagic Cysts of a Haemosporozoan of Undetermined Taxonomic Status

Gardiner, C. H.; Jenkins, H. J.; Mahoney, Kerry S.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-20.4.308

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…8 Scattered rosettes and completely dispersed merozoites, within compartments as well as in the surrounding tissue (Þ). The hepatocytes of the surrounding liver tissue have undergone lipoid degeneration (L) (MhE-stained, ·670) c Gardiner et al 1984;Simpson 1991). Both Gardiner and Simpson noted a similarity between the schizonts they found and the compartmented ones of Akiba caulleryi, concluding their identity with megaloschizonts of Leucocytozoon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Schizogonic stages of Haemoproteus from Wenyon?s Baghdad sparrows are also found in Passer domesticus biblicus in Israel

Paperna

GilI

2003

Parasitology Research

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Schizont bodies reminiscent of those described by Wenyon from Baghdad sparrows were found in the liver and lungs of an Israeli house sparrow ( Passer domesticus biblicusHartert 1904) infected with Haemoproteus passeris Kruse, 1890. All observed schizonts were composed of packed assemblages of walled compartments, each holding a differentiating schizogonic body. The schizogonic bodies in the various compartments demonstrated sequential stages in the differentiation process from a compact multinucleate cytoplasmic mass to massive formation of multiple merozoites. Young non-differentiated schizont assemblages reached 0.2 x 0.25 mm in size and the fully differentiated ones, containing merozoites, were double or triple that. Among species of Haemopterus, division to compartmented and single-plasmodium schizonts could not be associated with any recognized generic or infrageneric division. Moreover, in some species of Haemoproteus, both types of schizogony co-existed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Schizogonic stages of Haemoproteus from Wenyon?s Baghdad sparrows are also found in Passer domesticus biblicus in Israel

Paperna

GilI

2003

Parasitology Research

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“…megaloschizonts of H . meleagridis and the organism described by Gardiner et al (17) share enough similarities in size and site of development and in the morphology of long, slender, first-generation merozoites to suggest that the parasites from northern bobwhites may be a species of Haemoproteus. O R o k e (32) conducted a detailed study of H. lophortyx in California quail but found only small schizonts with spherical merozoites in endothelial cells of lung, liver, and spleen.…”

Section: Development and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 83%

Pathogenicity of Haemoproteus meleagridis (Haemosporina: Haemoproteidae) in Experimentally Infected Domestic Turkeys

Atkinson¹,

Forrester²,

Greiner³

1988

The Journal of Parasitology

102

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Sporozoite-induced experimental infections of Haemoproteus meleagridis produced a moderate to severe myositis and significant effects on weight gain and growth in domestic turkey poults. Pathological effects occurred in both low- and high-dose infections (4,400 and 57,500 sporozoites, respectively). Low-dose birds weighed significantly less than controls at 3 wk postinfection (PI) when peripheral parasitemia reached a peak and had significantly shorter tarsometatarsal lengths at both 1 and 3 wk PI. High-dose birds were significantly lighter and smaller than control and low-dose birds throughout the course of the 8-wk study. Infected birds were not anemic in spite of high parasitemias that often exceeded 50% of circulating erythrocytes. The most serious pathological effects occurred prior to patency and were associated with development of megaloschizonts in skeletal muscle. Microscopic lesions in 4 high-dose birds that died between 19 and 22 days PI were characteristic of a severe, acute hemorrhagic myositis. Megaloschizonts were surrounded by a hemorrhagic inflammatory infiltrate composed of macrophages, heterophils, giant cells, and red blood cells. Muscle fibers adjacent to megaloschizonts were swollen, hyaline, and contained prominent calcium deposits. Other observations included enlargement of the spleen, deposition of pigment in macrophages of the lung and spleen, and secondary bacterial and fungal infections in the intestine and lungs. Necrotic and calcified muscle fibers and degenerating megaloschizonts were still present at 8 wk PI when the experiment ended. Our results demonstrated significant pathological changes in H. meleagridis-infected domestic turkeys that were associated primarily with preerythrocytic stages of development.

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“…The tissue stages of Haemoproteus species in dead hosts resemble the megalomeronts of Leucocytozoon spp. ; it was difficult to determine the disease etiology solely based on morphological data [33–35, 38, 39, 42–44, 169–172]. The traditional opinion about the harmlessness and insignificant veterinary importance of avian haemoproteids [44] requires partial reconsideration [21, 22, 26, 30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exo-erythrocytic development of avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites

Valkiūnas

Iezhova

2017

Malar J

108

159

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Background: Avian malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) and related haemosporidians (Haemosporida) are responsible for diseases which can be severe and even lethal in avian hosts. These parasites cause not only blood pathology, but also damage various organs due to extensive exo-erythrocytic development all over the body, which is not the case during Plasmodium infections in mammals. However, exo-erythrocytic development (tissue merogony or schizogony) remains the most poorly investigated part of life cycle in all groups of wildlife haemosporidian parasites. In spite of remarkable progress in studies of genetic diversity, ecology and evolutionary biology of avian haemosporidians during the past 20 years, there is not much progress in understanding patterns of exo-erythrocytic development in these parasites. The purpose of this review is to overview the main information on exo-erythrocytic development of avian Plasmodium species and related haemosporidian parasites as a baseline for assisting academic and veterinary medicine researchers in morphological identification of these parasites using tissue stages, and to define future research priorities in this field of avian malariology. Methods:The data were considered from peer-reviewed articles and histological material that was accessed in zoological collections in museums of Australia, Europe and the USA. Articles describing tissue stages of avian haemosporidians were included from 1908 to the present. Histological preparations of various organs infected with the exo-erythrocytic stages of different haemosporidian parasites were examined. Results:In all, 229 published articles were included in this review. Exo-erythrocytic stages of avian Plasmodium, Fallisia, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Akiba species were analysed, compared and illustrated. Morphological characters of tissue stages that can be used for diagnostic purposes were specified. Conclusion:Recent molecular studies combined with histological research show that avian haemosporidians are more virulent than formerly believed. The exo-erythrocytic stages can cause severe disease, especially in non-adapted avian hosts, suggesting the existence of a group of underestimated malignant infections. The development of a given haemosporidian strain can be markedly different in different avian hosts, resulting in significantly different virulence. A methodology combining the traditional histology techniques with molecular diagnostic tools is essential to speed research in this field of avian malariology.

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Myositis and Death in Bobwhites, Colinus Virginianus (L.), Due to Hemorrhagic Cysts of a Haemosporozoan of Undetermined Taxonomic Status

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Schizogonic stages of Haemoproteus from Wenyon?s Baghdad sparrows are also found in Passer domesticus biblicus in Israel

Schizogonic stages of Haemoproteus from Wenyon?s Baghdad sparrows are also found in Passer domesticus biblicus in Israel

Pathogenicity of Haemoproteus meleagridis (Haemosporina: Haemoproteidae) in Experimentally Infected Domestic Turkeys

Exo-erythrocytic development of avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites

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