Myosin motors on the pathway of viral infections

Abstract

Molecular motors are microscopic machines that use energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to generate movement. While kinesins and dynein are molecular motors associated with microtubule tracks, myosins bind to and move on actin filaments. Mammalian cells express several myosin motors. They power cellular processes such as endo‐ and exocytosis, intracellular trafficking, transcription, migration, and cytokinesis. As viruses navigate through cells, they may take advantage or be hindered by host components and machinery, including the cytoskeleton. This review delves into myosins' cell roles and compares them to their reported functions in viral infections. In most cases, the previously described myosin functions align with their reported role in viral infections, although not in all cases. This opens the possibility that knowledge obtained from studying myosins in viral infections might shed light on new physiological roles for myosins in cells. However, given the high number of myosins expressed and the variety of viruses investigated in the different studies, it is challenging to infer whether the interactions found are specific to a single virus or can be applied to other viruses with the same characteristics. We conclude that the participation of myosins in viral cycles is still a largely unexplored area, especially concerning unconventional myosins.

Proteomic and phosphoproteomic profilings reveal distinct cellular responses during Tilapinevirus tilapiae entry and replication

“…In contrast, after 24 hpi, the infected RHTiB cells showed increased activity of cytoskeletal proteins such as MYH9 and PLEKHH2 76 . MYH9 has been identified as a receptor for the herpes simplex virus 1 and EBV 77 and serves as a co-receptor in the entry process of SARS-CoV-2 78 .…”

Host Requirements for Formation and Dynamics of Rotavirus Viroplasms

“…Over forty classes of myosins are expressed in eukaryotes, divided into muscle and non-muscle myosins [106]. Known as "conventional myosin," non-muscle myosin-2 (NM2) is present in almost every cell type, existing in three variants [107].…”

“…Known as "conventional myosin," non-muscle myosin-2 (NM2) is present in almost every cell type, existing in three variants [107]. Therefore, it is not surprising that NM2 has been shown to play a role in the life cycle of numerous viruses [106].…”

The Role of the Host Cytoskeleton in the Formation and Dynamics of Rotavirus Viroplasms

“…Over forty classes of myosins are expressed in eukaryotes, divided into muscle and nonmuscle myosins [112]. Known as "conventional myosin," nonmuscle myosin-2 (NM2) is present in almost every cell type, existing in three variants [113].…”

“…Known as "conventional myosin," nonmuscle myosin-2 (NM2) is present in almost every cell type, existing in three variants [113]. Therefore, it is not surprising that NM2 has been shown to play a role in the life cycle of numerous viruses [112].…”