Myosin Heavy-Chain Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Expression and Fibre Cross-Sectional Area in Masseter, Digastric, Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscles of Young and Adult Rats

Lagou, Aikaterini; Schaub, Leandra; Aït-Lounis, Aouatef; Denes, Balazs Jozsef; Kiliaridis, Stavros; Antonarakis, Gregory S.

doi:10.3390/biology12060842

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…These 2 genes are associated with skeletal muscle function. 21 , 22 Both Actn3 and Myh4 have been shown to be expressed in high levels in skeletal muscle cells, a tissue not to be expected to be present in calvaria bone preparations. Yet, our pathway analyses showed that the genes differentially regulated in male mice samples were mostly associated with muscle function, suggesting that they might also be expressed in bone cells and, in particular, in osteocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex dimorphic response to osteocyte miR21 deletion in murine calvaria bone as determined by RNAseq analysis

Peng,

Deosthale,

Pianeta

et al. 2024

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Low levels of the microRNA (miR) 21 may explain the increase in osteocyte apoptosis with Cx43-deficient and aged female mice. However, miR21 exerts a sex-divergent role in osteocytes, regulating bone mass and architecture through non-cell autonomous effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, via sex-specific regulation of osteocyte cytokine production. miR21 deficiency improves bone strength in females, and, to a higher extent, in male miR21-deficient mice. To understand the molecular basis for the effects of miR21 deletion, mRNA was isolated from miR21fl/fl (controls) or miR21-deficient (by deletion in cells expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the 8 kb fragment of the DMP1 promoter (miR21ΔOt mice). miR21 was 50% lower in miR21ΔOt whole calvaria bone, compared to control mice of the corresponding sex. RNAseq was performed in 4 samples/sex and genotype. There were 152 genes with <0.05 p-value and > 1 absolute log2 fold change in the male data analysis, and expression of most genes was higher in the miR21fl/fl group. Two of the genes, Actn3 and Myh4, had a false discovery rate < 0.1. Gene enrichment analysis of significant genes on both KEGG pathways and GO gene sets shows the significant genes were enriched in muscle contraction. Some muscle related genes like Actn3 were included in multiple significant pathways. For females, only 65 genes had p-value <0.05 and > 1 absolute log2 fold change. Yet, no significant KEGG or GO pathways including ≥5 significant genes were seen, and no overlap of significant genes was found between male and female samples. Therefore, deletion of miR21 has a stronger effect on male transcriptome in calvaria, compared to females. Further, no enrichment of any pathway was detected in female samples. Thus, either there are no differences between two groups in female or the effect size is small, and a larger sample size is needed to uncover miR21-dependent differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex dimorphic response to osteocyte miR21 deletion in murine calvaria bone as determined by RNAseq analysis

Peng,

Deosthale,

Pianeta

et al. 2024

JBMR Plus

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Effects of age and diet consistency on the expression of myosin heavy‐chain isoforms on jaw‐closing and jaw‐opening muscles in a rat model

Schaub,

Lagou,

Ait‐Lounis

et al. 2024

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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BackgroundSkeletal craniofacial morphology can be influenced by changes in masticatory muscle function, which may also change the functional profile of the muscles.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of age and functional demands on the expression of Myosin Heavy‐Chain (MyHC) isoforms in representative jaw‐closing and jaw‐opening muscles, namely the masseter and digastric muscles respectively.MethodsEighty‐four male Wistar rats were divided into four age groups, namely an immature (n = 12; 4‐week‐old), early adult (n = 24; 16‐week‐old), adult (n = 24; 26‐week‐old) and mature adult (n = 24; 38‐week‐old) group. The three adult groups were divided into two subgroups each based on diet consistency; a control group fed a standard (hard) diet, and an experimental group fed a soft diet. Rats were sacrificed, and masseter and digastric muscles dissected. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to compare the mRNA transcripts of the MyHC isoforms—Myh7 (MyHC‐I), Myh2 (MyHC‐IIa), Myh4 (MyHC‐IIb) and Myh1 (MyHC‐IIx)—of deep masseter and digastric muscles.ResultsIn the masseter muscle, hypofunction increases Myh1 (26, 38 weeks; p < .0001) but decreases Myh4 (26 weeks; p = .046) and Myh2 (26 weeks; p < .0001) expression in adult rats. In the digastric muscle, hypofunction increases Myh1 expression in the mature adult rats (38 weeks; p < .0001), while Myh2 expression decreases in adult rats (26 weeks; p = .021) as does Myh4 (26 weeks; p = .001). Myh7 expression is increased in the digastric muscle of mature adult rats subjected to hypofunction (38 weeks; p = <.0001), while it is very weakly expressed in the masseter.ConclusionIn jaw‐opening and jaw‐closing muscles, differences in myosin expression between hard‐ and soft‐diet‐fed rats become evident in adulthood, suggesting that long‐term alteration of jaw function is associated with changes in the expression of MyHC isoforms and potential fibre remodelling. This may give insight into the role of function on masticatory muscles and the resultant craniofacial morphology.

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Myosin Heavy-Chain Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Expression and Fibre Cross-Sectional Area in Masseter, Digastric, Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscles of Young and Adult Rats

Cited by 2 publications

References 33 publications

Sex dimorphic response to osteocyte miR21 deletion in murine calvaria bone as determined by RNAseq analysis

Sex dimorphic response to osteocyte miR21 deletion in murine calvaria bone as determined by RNAseq analysis

Effects of age and diet consistency on the expression of myosin heavy‐chain isoforms on jaw‐closing and jaw‐opening muscles in a rat model

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