Myopia. The nature versus nurture debate goes on

To investigate the relationship among nearwork activity, night-lights, and myopia in schoolchildren in Singapore and Xiamen, China. Methods:The refractive error and ocular dimensions of 957 Chinese schoolchildren aged 7 to 9 years in Singapore and Xiamen, China, were determined using cycloplegic autorefraction and A-scan ultrasound biometry. Information on near-work activity (number of books read per week, reading in hours per day) and night-light use before age 2 years was obtained. Results:The prevalence rate of myopia was 36.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.0%-40.3%) in Singapore and 18.5% (95% CI, 14.0%-23.1%) in Xiamen, China. The crude odds ratio (OR) of higher myopia (at least -3.0 diopters) for children who read more than 2 books per week was 3.50 (95% CI, 2.15-5.70). In a multivariate logistic

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Near-Work Activity, Night-lights, and Myopia in the Singapore-China Study

Saw

Zhang²,

Ren³

et al. 2002

Arch Ophthalmol

168

126

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Quantitative analysis of the effect of near lens addition on accommodation and myopigenesis

Hung

Ciuffreda

2000

Curr Eye Res

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Family history, near work, outdoor activity, and myopia in Singapore Chinese preschool children

Low

Dirani

Gazzard

et al. 2010

British Journal of Ophthalmology

142

138

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Aims To investigate the risk factors for myopia, including near work and outdoor activity, in Singapore Chinese preschool children. Methods A cross-sectional study, with disproportionate random sampling by 6-month age groups, of 3009 Singapore Chinese children aged 6–72 months was performed. Information on family history, near work and outdoor activity was obtained. Spherical equivalent refraction (SEA) was assessed. Results Children with two myopic parents were more likely to be myopic (adjusted OR=1.91; 95% CI 1.38 to 2.63) and to have a more myopic SER (regression coefficient=−0.35; 95% CI −0.47 to −0.22) than children without myopic parents. For each 1 cm taller height, the SER was more myopic by 0.01 dioptres. Neither near work nor outdoor activity was associated with preschool myopia. Conclusions A family history of myopia was the strongest factor associated with preschool myopia. In contrast, neither near work nor outdoor activity was found to be associated with early myopia. These data suggest that genetic factors may play a more substantial role in the development of early-onset myopia than key environmental factors.

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Myopia. The nature versus nurture debate goes on

Cited by 6 publications

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Near-Work Activity, Night-lights, and Myopia in the Singapore-China Study

Near-Work Activity, Night-lights, and Myopia in the Singapore-China Study

Quantitative analysis of the effect of near lens addition on accommodation and myopigenesis

Family history, near work, outdoor activity, and myopia in Singapore Chinese preschool children

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