Myopia in secondary school students in Mwanza City, Tanzania: the need for a national screening programme

Wedner, Susanne H.; Ross, D. A.; Todd, Jim; Anemona, Alessandra; Balira, Rebecca; Foster, Allen

doi:10.1136/bjo.86.11.1200

Cited by 65 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Concern over such potential harm is widespread in China [8][9][10] and has been identified as an important barrier to use of glasses by children needing them there 8,9 and elsewhere. 23,24 This study provides the strongest evidence to date of the visual safety of spectacle wear for children. While the mean beneficial effect on VA of one-quarter line over a school year was modest, this effect size reflects all children randomized to receive treatment, whether glasses were used or not.…”

Section: Results From Itt Analysis In This Randomized Trialmentioning

confidence: 81%

Safety of Spectacles for Children's Vision: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Ma¹,

Congdon²,

Yi³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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PURPOSE: To study safety of children's glasses in rural China, where fear that glasses harm vision is an important barrier for families and policy makers.DESIGN: Exploratory analysis from a clusterrandomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial.METHODS: Among primary schools (n [ 252) in western China, children were randomized by school to 1 of 3 interventions: free glasses provided in class, vouchers for free glasses at a local facility, or glasses prescriptions only (Control group). The main outcome of this analysis is uncorrected visual acuity after 8 months, adjusted for baseline acuity.RESULTS: Among 19 934 children randomly selected for screening, 5852 myopic (spherical equivalent refractive error £L0.5 diopters) eyes of 3001 children (14.7%, mean age 10.5 years) had VA £6/12 without glasses correctable to >6/12 with glasses, and were eligible. Among these, 1903 (32.5%), 1798 (30.7%), and 2151 (36.8%) were randomized to Control, Voucher, and Free Glasses, respectively. Intention-totreat analyses were performed on all 1831 (96.

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Section: Results From Itt Analysis In This Randomized Trialmentioning

confidence: 81%

Safety of Spectacles for Children's Vision: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Ma¹,

Congdon²,

Yi³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…To ensure that accommodation was relaxed, a + 1.50 D lens was used to fog the eye monocular during refraction. This protocol has been used by other studies in Nigeria and South Africa to study refractive errors in school children (Wedner et al, 2002;Adegbehingbe et al, 2005;and Mabaso et al, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study in the Debark and Kola Diba towns of Ethiopia estimated the prevalence of visual impairment to be 7.6% (Mehari and Yimer, 2013). The prevalence of refractive errors in school children in Tanzania and Nepal was 6.1, 4.5 and 8.6% respectively (Wedner et al, 2002;Mohammad, 2010;and Gauri et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of refractive errors among junior high school students in the Ejisu Juaben municipality of Ghana

Nakua¹,

Otupiri²,

Owusu‐Dabo³

et al. 2015

Jnl Sci Tech

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Among school children, uncorrected refractive errors have a considerable impact on their participation and learning in class. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of refractive error among students in the Ejisu-Juabeng Municipality of Ghana. A survey with multi-stage sampling was undertaken. We interviewed 504 students aged 12-17 years and examined them for refractive errors. The prevalence of refractive errors among those with and without refractive error was compared by means of the chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis using refractive error as the dependent variable and adjusting for risk factors were performed. The overall prevalence rate of refractive errors was 7.5%. Out of the number of children with refractive errors, 39.5% had astigmatism, 31.6% had hyperopia and 28.9% had myopia. The prevalence rate was significantly higher among urban compared with rural students. Astigmatic refractive errors consists of with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism 66.7%, against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism 26.7% and oblique astigmatism (OBL) 6.6%. WTR and ATR astigmatism were more common in females than males. Multivariate logistic regression models showed no substantial confounding effects between near work, sex, and residence, suggesting that each covariate has an independent association with refractive error. In conclusion, near work, sex and high parental education level are factors contributing to refractive errors. Children in urban areas are at higher risk compared with their rural counterparts. We suggest that an efficient pre-school vision examination must be made part of the admission policy of all schools in Ghana.

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“…Refractive error is the commonest type of ocular morbidity and myopia is the commonest type of refractive error as opposed to hypermetropia. 3 School children are considered a high risk group because uncorrected refractive error can seriously affect their learning abilities, physical and mental development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of myopia among school going children

Hittalamani¹,

Jivangi

2015

Int J Res Med Sci

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Myopia in secondary school students in Mwanza City, Tanzania: the need for a national screening programme

Cited by 65 publications

References 32 publications

Safety of Spectacles for Children's Vision: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Safety of Spectacles for Children's Vision: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Prevalence of refractive errors among junior high school students in the Ejisu Juaben municipality of Ghana

Prevalence of myopia among school going children

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