Myopia and diabetic retinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang, Xiang; Tang, Luosheng; Gao, Ling; Yang, Yu-Jia; Cao, Deliang; Li, Yunping

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2015.10.020

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[4][5][6][7][8]10,19,21,22,24,28,30,34,[38][39][40][42][43][44][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] 69 This is consistent with other genome-wide association studies in Caucasian and Mexican-American patients. 70,71 As the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy is still a new and emerging field, some studies have demonstrated new associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms, but these studies have not yet been replicable.…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

“…Although myopia in most cases is harmful to ocular health, it has long been observed that the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is low in myopic patients. This protective effect of myopia against diabetic retinopathy has recently been proven by various meta-analysis, 52,53 revealing the OR of diabetic retinopathy in myopic diabetic patients versus non-myopic diabetic patients to be 0.70 (95% CI, 0.58-0.85; P<0.001). On the contrary, axial length, the major cause of myopia, was found to be associated with diabetic retinopathy as well, in which each millimetre increase in axial length is associated with decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy (OR=0.75; 95% CI, 0.65-0.86; P<0.001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between diabetic retinopathy and systemic risk factors

Wat¹,

Wong²,

Wong³

2016

Hong Kong Med J

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease with complications that include sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. It is essential to understand the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy before effective prevention can be implemented. The aim of this review was to examine the association between diabetic retinopathy and systemic risk factors.Methods: A PubMed literature search was performed up to May 2016 to identify articles reporting associations between diabetic retinopathy and systemic risk factors; only publications written in English were included. Relevant articles were selected and analysed. Results:Patients with diabetic retinopathy were more likely to have poor glycaemic control as reflected by a higher glycated haemoglobin, longer duration of diabetes, and use of insulin therapy for treatment. For other systemic risk factors, hypertension was positively associated with prevalence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. No clear association between obesity, hyperlipidaemia, gender, or smoking with diabetic retinopathy has been established as Associations between diabetic retinopathy and systemic risk factors IntroductionDiabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in adults living in developed countries. 1 Almost all patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and more than 60% of patients with type 2 DM will develop some degree of retinopathy after a 20-year history of diabetes.2 It has also been well established that DM increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. 3Cheng et al 4 found that the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy associated with one, two, three, or four cardiometabolic risk factors was 16.0%, 17.6%, 21.3%, or 25.1%, respectively (P=0.001). This implies a relationship between systemic health conditions and diabetic retinopathy. In order to help identify and to prevent progression of this ophthalmic complication of diabetes, a better understanding of its association with systemic risk factors is necessary. MethodsA PubMed literature search was conducted up to May 2016 using the following key words: "diabetic retinopathy", "prevalence", "epidemiology", "systemic associations", "risk factors", "diabetic Hong Kong Med J 2016;22:589-99

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supporting

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between diabetic retinopathy and systemic risk factors

Wat¹,

Wong²,

Wong³

2016

Hong Kong Med J

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“…These biometrical changes are more evident in people with Type 1 than in people with Type 2 diabetes, which may be the reason for the increased prevalence of myopia in the former group . Notably, however, myopia may well have a protective effect against diabetic retinopathy , which has been attributed to deformation of the retina, elongation of the eye, changes in ocular blood flow, reduction in metabolic demand and a decrease in inflammatory cytokines . In a recent meta‐analysis increased axial length was associated with a lower risk of vision‐threatening diabetic retinopathy.…”

Section: Refractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These biometrical changes are more evident in people with Type 1 [33] than in people with Type 2 diabetes, which may be the reason for the increased prevalence of myopia in the former group [32]. Notably, however, myopia may well have a protective effect against diabetic retinopathy [34], which has been attributed to deformation of the retina, elongation of What's new?…”

Section: Refractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual complications in diabetes mellitus: beyond retinopathy

et al. 2016

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Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of vision loss in people with diabetes mellitus; however, other causes of visual impairment/loss include other retinal and non-retinal visual problems, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and cataracts. Additionally, when a person with diabetes complains of visual disturbance despite a visual acuity of 6/6, abnormalities in refraction, contrast sensitivity, straylight and amplitude of accommodation should be considered. We review and highlight these visual problems for physicians who manage people with diabetes to ensure timely referral and treatment to limit visual disability, which can have a significant impact on daily living, especially for those participating in sports and driving.

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