Myopia and Axial Length Contribute to Vitreous Liquefaction and Nuclear Cataract

Holekamp, Nancy M.; Harocopos, George J.; Shui, Ying-Bo; Beebe, David C.

doi:10.1001/archopht.126.5.744-a

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…the lens and retina(Berman, 1991; Lund-Andersen, 2003; Monteiro et al, 2015). Outstanding work from Dr. Beebe’s group suggestes another important functional mechanisms of vitreous humor, namely the regulation of molecular oxygen levels(Barton et al, 2007; Beebe et al, 1986; Filas et al, 2013; Harocopos et al, 2004; Holekamp et al, 2008; Shui et al, 2009). The gel-structure and high ascorbic acid concentration in vitreous humor is believed to continuously prevent oxygen from reaching the lens, thus maintaining the lens under anaerobic conditions.…”

Section: Lens Gsh/gssg Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Lens glutathione homeostasis: Discrepancies and gaps in knowledge standing in the way of novel therapeutic approaches

Fan

Monnier

Whitson

2017

Experimental Eye Research

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Cataract is the major cause of blindness worldwide. The WHO has estimated around 20 million people have bilateral blindness from cataract, and that number is expected to reach 50 million in 2050. The cataract surgery is currently the main treatment approach, though often associated with complications, such as Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO)-also known as secondary cataract. The lens is an avascular ocular structure equipped with an unusually high level of glutathione (GSH), which plays a vital role in maintaining lens transparency by regulating lenticular redox state. The lens epithelium and outer cortex are thought to be responsible for providing the majority of lens GSH via GSH de novo synthesis, assisted by a continuous supply of constituent amino acids from the aqueous humor, as well as extracellular GSH recycling from the gamma-glutamyl cycle. However, when de novo synthesis is impaired, in the presence of low GSH levels, as in the aging human lens, compensatory mechanisms exist, suggesting that the lens is able to uptake GSH from the surrounding ocular tissues. However, these uptake mechanisms, and the GSH source and its origin, are largely unknown. The lens nucleus does not have the ability to synthesize its own GSH and fully relies on transport from the outer cortex by yet unknown mechanisms. Understanding how aging reduces GSH levels, particularly in the lens nucleus, how it is associated with age-related nuclear cataract (ARNC), and how the lens compensates for GSH loss via external uptake should be a major research priority. The intent of this review, which is dedicated to the memory of David C. Beebe, is to summarize our current understanding of lens GSH homeostasis and highlight discrepancies and gaps in knowledge that stand in the way of pharmacologically minimizing the impact of declining GSH content in the prevention of age-related cataract.

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Section: Lens Gsh/gssg Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Lens glutathione homeostasis: Discrepancies and gaps in knowledge standing in the way of novel therapeutic approaches

Fan

Monnier

Whitson

2017

Experimental Eye Research

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“…Myopia is another age-independent risk factor for accelerated posterior vitreous detachment [26]. In high myopic eyes, posterior sclera dilation, vitreous volume increase, and vitreous degeneration and liquefaction occur earlier [27]. This myopic vitreous liquefaction can be explained by an increase in vitreous volume, which exceeds the production of coagulation components that fill the expansion chamber [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of High Myopia on Delayed Absorption of Subretinal Fluid after Scleral Buckling Surgery

Meng

Long

Chen

et al. 2022

JCM

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This study compared the absorption of subretinal fluid (SRF) in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with and without high myopia after scleral buckling (SB) and investigated the effect of high myopia on SRF absorption. This retrospective study included patients with primary macula-off RRD grouped according to myopia and age. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography indicators included subretinal fluid height (SRFH), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and choroidal capillary blood flow density (CCFD) measured regularly. The presence of SRF 3 months after surgery was defined as delayed absorption. Overall, 90 eyes of 89 patients were enrolled, and 46 eyes (51.11%) had high myopia. In 43 eyes (47.78%), SRF absorption was delayed. There was no significant difference in SRF absorption after SB between the high and non-high myopia groups; younger patients (<35 years) had a higher probability of delayed absorption (p < 0.05). The SFCT in high myopia was significantly thinner than that in the non-high myopia group (p < 0.05); SFCT and SRFH were positively correlated (rs = 0.275, p = 0.002), and there was a significant difference between the average CCFD with and without SRF (p < 0.05). High myopia had no significant effect on SRF absorption after SB.

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“…In eyes with longer axial lengths, the temperature just posterior to the lens and mid-vitreous would most likely be higher. Vitreous liquefactions in myopic eyes [ 14 ] may play some role. The temperature posterior to the lens and mid-vitreous was higher in Group A although it was not significantly higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraocular Temperature at Different Sites in Eye Measured at the Beginning of Vitreous Surgery

Shinoda

Yagura

Matsumoto

et al. 2021

JCM

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The temperature of the vitreous has been reported to vary during cataract and vitreous surgery. We measured intraocular temperature at four intraocular sites; the anterior chamber (AC), just behind the crystalline lens, mid-vitreous, and just anterior to the optic disc (OD) at the beginning of vitrectomy with a thermoprobe in 48 eyes. The temperatures were compared in three groups; eyes that underwent vitrectomy for the first time (Group V, n = 30), eyes that had previous vitrectomy and the vitreous cavity had been filled with balanced salt solution (BSS; Group A, n = 12), and eyes that had previous vitrectomy and the vitreous cavity was filled with silicone oil (Group S, n = 6). There was a gradient in the temperature in all groups, i.e., it was lowest in the AC, and it increased at points closer to the retina. The intraocular temperature was significantly correlated with the type of fluid in the vitreous cavity. The mean intraocular temperatures were not significantly different in Groups V and A, but they were significantly higher in Group S. Clinicians should be aware of the differences in the temperature at the different intraocular sites because the temperatures may affect the physiology of the retina and the recovery process.

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Myopia and Axial Length Contribute to Vitreous Liquefaction and Nuclear Cataract

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Lens glutathione homeostasis: Discrepancies and gaps in knowledge standing in the way of novel therapeutic approaches

Lens glutathione homeostasis: Discrepancies and gaps in knowledge standing in the way of novel therapeutic approaches

Effect of High Myopia on Delayed Absorption of Subretinal Fluid after Scleral Buckling Surgery

Intraocular Temperature at Different Sites in Eye Measured at the Beginning of Vitreous Surgery

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