Myogenesis and postnatal skeletal muscle cell growth as influenced by selection

Rehfeldt, Charlotte; Fiedler, I.; Dietl, G.; Ender, K.

doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(00)00225-6

Cited by 253 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…These pigs have fatter carcasses and a smaller lean meat content (Bee, 2004;Rehfeldt and Kuhn, 2006;Rehfeldt et al, 2008a), likely because the potential of lean accretion is limited and nutritional energy would be stored as fat instead. Because of the negative correlation between total fibre number and FCSA (Rehfeldt et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2008) piglets of low birth weight display highly hypertrophied fibres, which in turn is directly related to a poorer meat quality in terms of tenderness, water holding capacity and pH (Gondret et al, 2006;Rehfeldt and Kuhn, 2006;Rehfeldt et al, 2008a). However, in agreement with the unchanged total fibre number, FCSA was not different between groups in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…As a loss of fibres after weaning in carnitine-treated pigs seems very unlikely (Rehfeldt et al, 1987;Bé rard et al, 2011), the compensation in total fibre number is suggested to result from a different trajectory of the earlypostnatal increase in fibre number in control and carnitinesupplemented piglets. An early-postnatal increase in total fibre number in pig muscle has been reported to occur in ST muscle cross sections at the mid-belly level (Rehfeldt et al, 2000 and2008b;Bé rard et al, 2011) and can be attributed to two mechanisms. On the one hand, the prenatal formation of primary and secondary myofibres (Wigmore and Stickland, 1983;Lefaucheur et al, 1995) is followed by a third wave of myofibre hyperplasia after birth and gives rise to new fibres.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the majority of muscle fibres is formed prenatally in the pig (Wigmore and Stickland, 1983;Rehfeldt et al, 2000), a postnatal increase in total fibre number in the cross-section of m. semitendinosus (ST) and m. psoas major has been observed in domestic and wild pigs (Rehfeldt et al, 1987 and2008b;Bé rard et al, 2011). This increase could be associated with the early-postnatal appearance of a third generation of fibres (Mascarello et al, 1992;Lefaucheur et al, 1995) or elongation of existing short fibres (Bérard et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of l-carnitine supplementation to suckling piglets on carcass and meat quality at market age

Lösel

Rehfeldt

2013

Animal

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In a previous study, carnitine supplementation to piglets during the suckling period resulted in an increased total muscle fibre number at weaning in piglets of low birth weight. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether this effect is maintained until market age and whether this would attenuate the negative consequences of low birth weight on carcass and meat quality. Using a split-plot design with litter as block, sex as whole plot and treatment as subplot, the effects of earlypostnatal L-carnitine supplementation on female and castrated male piglets of low birth weight were investigated on a total of 56 German Landrace piglets from 14 litters. From days 7 to 27 of age piglets were orally supplemented once daily with 400 mg of L-carnitine dissolved in 1 ml of water or received an equal volume of water without carnitine. From weaning (day 28) until slaughter (day 166 of age) all pigs were fed standard diets. At weaning, carnitine-supplemented piglets had a twofold increased concentration of free carnitine ( P , 0.001) and a lower concentration of non-esterified fatty acids ( P , 0.05) in blood plasma indicating that carnitine became bioavailable and increased fatty acid utilization during the period of supplementation. Growth performance was not influenced by treatment in any growth period. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry revealed no differences in body composition between groups in weeks 12, 16 and 20 of age. LW at slaughter, carcass weight, measures of meat yield and fat accretion, as well as body composition by chemical analyses and dissection of primal cuts did not differ between treatments. No differences between control and carnitine-treated pigs in total fibre number ( P 5 0.85) and fibre cross-sectional area ( P 5 0.68) in m. semitendinosus (ST) measured at slaughter could be observed. The carnitine group tended to exhibit a smaller proportion of slow-twitch oxidative fibres ( P 5 0.08), a greater proportion of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres ( P 5 0.11), and increased specific lactate dehydrogenase activity ( P 5 0.09) in ST indicating a more glycolytic muscle metabolism. Compared with the controls, a lower pH 24 value was observed ( P 5 0.05) in ST muscle of carnitine-supplemented pigs, which -in castrates only -was associated with an increased drip loss ( P , 0.01). Meat quality traits in m. longissimus were not influenced by treatment. In conclusion, our hypothesis that early-postnatal carnitine supplementation to piglets of low birth weight permanently increases myofibre number and improves later carcass and meat quality could not be confirmed by this experiment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of l-carnitine supplementation to suckling piglets on carcass and meat quality at market age

Lösel

Rehfeldt

2013

Animal

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“…Mammalian myogenesis, the formation of new multinucleated muscle fibers from mononucleated precursor cells called myoblasts, is an exclusive prenatal process determining muscle characteristics such as fiber numbers, which may be related to muscle strength and function (Rehfeldt et al, 2000). Muscle fiber formation takes place in two waves, the primary and secondary muscle fiber formation (Wigmore and Evans, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Expression Profiles in Prenatal Pigs in Relation to Myogenesis

Pas

Wit

Priem

et al. 2005

J Muscle Res Cell Motil

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Myogenesis, the formation of muscle fibers, is a complex process. Pigs have been selected for efficient muscle growth for the past decades making them interesting to study myogenesis. We studied expression profiles of genes known to affect myogenesis, muscle structural proteins, and energy metabolism in prenatal pigs from 14 to 91 days of gestation. Primary and secondary muscle fiber formation takes place during days 30-60 and 54-90 of gestation, respectively. Differential expression and expression levels of the genes were studied using microarray technology. Gene activation and repression profiles were studied counting the number of spots with detectable signal. The number of spots for muscle tissue structural protein genes showing upregulated expression increased constantly from day 14 until day 91of gestation indicating continued activation of genes during this period. The mRNA expression level of the genes showed a peak around day 35 of gestation. The expression levels of genes affecting myogenic differentiation (stimulating and inhibiting) showed a peak at day 35 of gestation. The number of spots for differentiation-stimulating genes showing differential expression reaches a first peak around day 35 of gestation and a nadir at day 49 of gestation while the number of spots for differentiation-inhibiting genes reaches a nadir at day 35 of gestation. Myogenic differentiation seems less a matter of the expression level of genes affecting differentiation, but depends on the balance between the number of significantly activated genes for stimulating and inhibiting differentiation. Genes stimulating myoblast proliferation showed a small peak expression prior to day 35 of gestation indicating myoblast proliferation before differentiation. The number of spots and the expression levels of genes for glycolysis and ATP-metabolism are at a nadir around days 35 and 49-63 of gestation suggesting that the energy metabolism is low during fusion of myoblasts into multinucleated muscle fibers.

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“…Selection for lean content also led to modifications in fibre type composition, which resulted in a higher proportion of glycolytic fibres and fibre hypertrophy (Rahelic and Puac, 1981;Weiler et al, 1995). Because of a reduced capillary density and an impaired nuclear control of cellular processes, fibre hypertrophy seems to be associated with a lower capacity of the fibres to adapt to activityinduced demands (Rehfeldt et al, 2000). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the consequences of genetic selection on the evolution of the stress-responsive neuroendocrine systems of pigs issued from LW and LR boars born either in 1977 or between 1998 and 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of genetic trends from 1977 to 2000 for stress-responsive systems in French Large White and Landrace pig populations using frozen semen

Foury

Tribout

Bazin

et al. 2009

Animal

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An experimental design aiming at analysing the consequences of genetic selection from 1977 to 1998-2000 on the evolution of stress-responsive systems in the French Large White (LW) and Landrace (LR) pig populations was conducted by INRA and IFIP-Institut du Porc. Large White sows were inseminated with semen from LW boars born in 1977 (frozen semen) or in 1998 and their second-generation offspring were station-tested. Landrace sows were inseminated with semen from LR boars born in 1977 (frozen semen) or in 1999 to 2000, and their progeny was station-tested. Urinary concentration of stress hormones (cortisol and catecholamines) and traits related to carcass composition (estimated carcass lean content (ECLC) and global adiposity) and meat quality (pH 24 h) were measured. For the two populations, selection carried out since 1977 led to an increase in ECLC and a decrease in carcass adiposity. Between 1977 and 1998 to 2000, urinary concentrations of stress hormones were unchanged in the LR breed, but were decreased in the LW breed. Moreover, for the animals generated from LW boars born in 1977 and in 1998, urinary cortisol levels were negatively correlated with ECLC. Therefore, in the LW breed, selection carried out for higher ECLC resulted in a decrease in cortisol production, as well as a reduction of catecholamine production that may be responsible for the lower ultimate pH of meat. Therefore, selection carried out for increased carcass lean content led, in this breed, to large modifications in the functioning of the stress-responsive systems, thereby influencing a large range of physiological regulations and technical properties such as carcass composition and meat pH, which remained however in the normal range for acceptable meat quality.

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Myogenesis and postnatal skeletal muscle cell growth as influenced by selection

Cited by 253 publications

References 56 publications

Effects of l-carnitine supplementation to suckling piglets on carcass and meat quality at market age

Effects of l-carnitine supplementation to suckling piglets on carcass and meat quality at market age

Transcriptome Expression Profiles in Prenatal Pigs in Relation to Myogenesis

Estimation of genetic trends from 1977 to 2000 for stress-responsive systems in French Large White and Landrace pig populations using frozen semen

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