Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome: A Revisit

Overlaid temporomandibular joint disorders and otology symptoms – A diagnostic approach and management considerations for otolaryngologists and dentists

“…Management includes a soft diet, heat, and cold pack application to the site of pain, relaxation techniques, and use of passive jaw movement devices to prevent TMJ muscular atrophy [30]. The pharmacologic treatment includes various drugs to reduce pain and discomfort including NSAIDS, COX-2 inhibitors, and Opioid analgesic such as Tramadol, and Muscle relaxants such as tizanidine, cyclobenzaprine, and tricyclic antidepressants [31]. Oral appliances are regarded as useful adjuncts for treating TMD patients as they reduce loading on TMJ, reduce muscle activity, reduce headache triggered by sleep bruxism, allow for deprogramming of TMJ-fossa relationships, and protect occlusal surfaces of teeth.…”