Myocardial adaptation in different endurance sports: an echocardiographic study

Hoogsteen, Jan; Hoogeveen, Adwin R.; Schaffers, H; Wijn, Pff Pieter; Hemel, NM van; Wall, EE van der

doi:10.1023/b:caim.0000013160.79903.19

Cited by 49 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…27 In contrast, the findings of similar remodeling indices of subjects in our intervention group pre-and post-training are indicative of cardiac adaptation without preponderance of 1 specific remodeling mechanism. The discrepancy between results found in our study and previous investigations 15,28 might predominantly be explained by different effects of type, intensity, and duration of training, as our study population consisted of previously untrained subjects with relatively more potential for cardiac remodeling than active sportsmen.Furthermore, our data suggest that in HI(I)T ventricular remodeling is accompanied by LA dilation. However, the percentage of individuals with LA enlargement in our study (13%) was lower than that observed in long-term elite athletes (≤62%). )…”

contrasting

confidence: 99%

Myocardial Adaptation to High-Intensity (Interval) Training in Previously Untrained Men With a Longitudinal Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (Running Study and Heart Trial)

Scharf

Schmid

Kemmler

et al. 2015

Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging

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Background-To prospectively evaluate whether short-term high-intensity (interval) training (HI(I)T) induces detectable morphological cardiac changes in previously untrained men in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Methods and Results-Eighty-four untrained volunteers were randomly assigned to a HI(I) T group (n=42; 44.1±4.7 years) or an inactive control group (n=42; 42.3±5.6 years). HI(I)T focused on interval runs (intensity: 95%-105% of individually calculated heart rate at the anaerobic threshold). Before and after 16 weeks, all subjects underwent physiological examination, stepwise treadmill test with blood lactate analysis, and contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (cine, tagging, and delayed enhancement). Indexed left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volume (LV, 77.1±8.5-83.9±8.6; RV, 80.5±8.5-86.6±8.1) and mass (LV, RV,.1) significantly increased with HI(I)T. Changes in LV and RV morphological parameters with HI(I)T were highly correlated with an increase in maximal aerobic capacity (VO 2max ) and a decrease in blood lactate concentration at the anaerobic threshold. Mean LV and RV remodeling index of HI(I)T group did not alter with training (0.76 ±0.09 and 0.24±0.10 g/mL, respectively [P=0. 97 and P=0.72]), indicating balanced cardiac adaptation. Myocardial circumferential strain decreased after HI(I)T within all 6 basal segments (anteroseptal, P=0.01 and anterolateral, P<0.001). There was no late gadolinium enhancement in any of the participants before or post HI(I)T. Conclusions-Sixteen Scharf et al Cardiac Adaptation to HI(I)Tinvestigations revealed enlargement and reduced contractility of the RV, which might be associated with ventricular tachycardia. 15The Running Study and Heart (RUSH) trial was designed to address these issues. Physiological and morphological data were collected and cardiopulmonary exercise testing with blood lactate analysis as well as CMR imaging was performed in a randomized controlled trial. Methods Study PopulationThe study (www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01406730) was approved by the institutional review board and written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Sample size was determined with G*power (version 3.1.3; 2009, Faul et al,16 Dusseldorf, Germany). We estimated that a sample size of 32 individuals in each group would have a power of 90% to detect a between-group difference of 8±10 mL in end-diastolic volume (EDV) with α=0.05. Assuming a dropout rate of 20%, our goal was to recruit 40 subjects per group. Study subjects were recruited by local newspaper advertisement from January until March 2011. The study was conducted from April 2011 until July 2012. Participants were randomly assigned to a training and restgroup.Eighty-eight male volunteers, who were either completely sedentary or did not engage in any routine (ie, >3 hours per week) physical training, were enrolled in this study. All participants completed a medical history and physical activity questionnaire. All subjects denied the use of illicit substances and un...

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contrasting

confidence: 99%

Myocardial Adaptation to High-Intensity (Interval) Training in Previously Untrained Men With a Longitudinal Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (Running Study and Heart Trial)

Scharf

Schmid

Kemmler

et al. 2015

Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging

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“…While our and previous studies agree on normal systolic function (15,17), previous studies have been conflicting with regard to diastolic function in athletes. Doppler-echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging studies have shown either normal (12,17,(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) or augmented diastolic function (36 -39). A disadvantage of some of the previous studies is the lack of age-and sex-matched groups of sedentary controls (31,36,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex‐specific characteristics of cardiac function, geometry, and mass in young adult elite athletes

Petersen

Hudsmith

Robson

et al. 2006

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To study young adult elite athletes with age-and sex-matched sedentary controls to assess sex-specific differences for left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes and mass as well as for LV contraction and relaxation. Materials and Methods:A total of 23 male athletes (mean age 25 Ϯ 4 years, training 22 Ϯ 7 hours/week in rowing, swimming, or triathlon) and 20 female athletes (mean age 24 Ϯ 4 years, training 19 Ϯ 5 hours/week in rowing, swimming, or triathlon) and age-and sex-matched sedentary controls (21 male/17 female) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging (1.5 Tesla). Cardiac phase contrast imaging using a black-blood k-space segmented gradient echo sequence was used for analysis of cardiac contraction and relaxation and steady-state freeprecession cine images were acquired for determination of cardiac volumes and mass.Results: Male and female athletes showed similar increases in LV and RV volume and mass indices when compared to controls (ranging between 15% and 42%). No sexspecific differences in training effect on LV and RV volumes, mass indices, and ejection fractions, as well as LV to RV ratios of these volume and mass indices (parameters of balanced LV and RV dilatation and hypertrophy) were observed (all P for interaction Ͼ0.05). Similarly, no sex-specific differences in training effect on cardiac contraction and relaxation were found (all P for interaction Ͼ0.05). Conclusion:Young adult elite athletes do not show sexspecific adaptive structural and functional changes to exercise training in accordance with the benign nature of the hypertrophy associated with athlete's heart.

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“…Žinoma, kad širdies persimodeliavimui įtakos turi sporto šakos pobūdis (10,11). Pastarojo dešimtmečio publikacijose vyrauja nuo mo nė, kad sportininkams ne visada galima tiksliai nustatyti KS hipertrofijos tipą (3).…”

Section: Rezultatų Aptarimasunclassified

“…Mūsų duomenys patvirtina daugumos tyrėjų nuomonę, kad irkluotojams būdingas koncentrinis kairiojo skilvelio geometrijos persitvarkymas dėl padidėju-sio kairiojo skilvelio sienelių storio ir saikingai padidėjusio ar nepakitusio KS galinio diastolinio dydžio (2,3,10,11,17). Kitų autorių nuomone, reikš mingo skirtumo tarp irkluotojų ir kitų sporto šakų atstovų kairiojo skilvelio persimodeliavimo nėra (11). Tai rodo, kad vaikų ir paauglių, kaip ir suaugusių sportininkų, KS echokardiografinių rodiklių pokyčių negalima paaiškinti vien tik irklavimo sporto ša-kos specifiškumu.…”

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Sporto Šakos Įtaka 12-17 Metų Sportininkų Kairiojo Skilvelio Morfometrijai

Bartkevičienė¹

2014

Sveikatos Mokslai

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Raktažodžiai: sporto šaka, vaikai ir paaugliai, kairysis skilvelis, echokardiografija. SantraukaIštirti 167 vyriškosios lyties 12-17 metų sportininkai: 62 (37,2 proc.) iš jų buvo krepšininkai, 51 (30,5 proc.) -irkluotojai (akademinis irklavimas) bei 54 (32,3 proc.) -dviratininkai. Kontrolinę grupę sudarė to paties amžiaus ir lyties 168 sveiki nesportuojantys vaikai ir paaugliai. Visiems tiriamiesiems atlikta M rėžimo, dvimatė ir doplerinė echokardiografija. Diastolės metu buvo išmatuota: 1) tarpskilvelinė pertvara (TSP); 2) kairiojo skilvelio galinis diastolinis dydis (KSGDd); 3) kairiojo skilvelio galinis sistolinis dydis (KSGSd); 4) kairiojo skilvelio užpakalinės sienos storis (KSUS); apskaičiuota: 1) kairiojo skilvelio miokardo masė (KSMM); 2) miokardo masės indeksas (MMI); 3) kairiojo skilvelio santykinis sienelių storis (SSS); apskaičiuoti: 4) indeksuoti pagal kūno paviršiaus plotą ir ūgį kairiojo skilvelio echokardiografiniai rodikliai. Tyrimas parodė, kad, irkluotojų kairiojo skilvelio SSS buvo didžiausias, lyginant su krepšinin-kais, dviratininkais ir kontroline grupe; dviratininkų KSGDD/KPP 1/2 buvo didžiausias, lyginant su krepšininkais, irkluotojais ir kontroline grupe. Krepšininkų KS MM buvo susijusi su amžiumi, kūno svoriu bei treniravimosi trukme, dviratininkų -su amžiumi ir treniravimosi trukme, o irkluotojų KS MM priklausė tik nuo amžiaus. Nuo treniravimosi krūvio priklausė krepšininkų KSUS, treniravimosi trukmė nulėmė dviratininkų KSGDd ir TSP, tuo tarpu irkluotojų KS echo kardiografiniai rodikliai (TSP, KSGDd, KSUS, KS MM) priklausė tik nuo amžiaus. Įvadas Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodaiTyrime dalyvavo 167 vyriš kosios lyties 12-17 metų sportininkai: 62 (37,2 proc.) iš jų buvo krepši ninkai, 51 (30,5 proc.) -irkluotojai (akademinis irklavimas) bei 54 (32,3 proc.) -dviratininkai. Kontrolinę grupę sudarė to paties amžiaus ir lyties 168 sveiki nespor tuo jantys vaikai ir paaugliai.Tyrimas atliktas gavus Kauno regioninio biomedicininių tyrimų etikos komiteto leidimą (protokolo Nr.151/2007). Tiriamieji ir jų tėvai buvo informuoti apie tyrimą, jo tikslus, pasirašė informuoto asmens sutikimo formą. Tiriamųjų grupių amžiaus, antropometrinių duomenų, treniravimosi stažo ir treniravimosi apimties vidurkiai bei standartiniai nuokrypiai pateikti 1 lentelėje.Tiriamieji buvo pasverti naudojant medicinines svarstykles, pamatuotas jų ūgis. Echokardiografinis tyrimas atliktas Philips aparatu (Philips Medical Systems, 22100), naudojant 3,5 MHz daviklį.Tiriamajam gulint ant kairiojo šono, ultragarso aparatu Philips su 3,5 MHz davikliu, pateptu specialiu geliu, dvimatėje erdvėje atlikta standar tinė transtorakalinė dvimatė echokardiografija. Atlikti trys kiekvieno rodiklio matavimai ir apskaičiuotas rodiklio vidurkis. Visi matavimai atlikti pagal Amerikos kardiologų kolegijos ir Ame rikos echokardiografijos asociacijos rekomendacijas (12). Priekrū tinkauliniame ilgosios ašies vaizde ties dviburio vožtu-

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Myocardial adaptation in different endurance sports: an echocardiographic study

Abstract: There is a sport-specific left ventricular adaptation in endurance athletes. The triathlon heart and the heart of a cyclist differ significantly from a marathon heart.

Cited by 49 publications

References 25 publications

Myocardial Adaptation to High-Intensity (Interval) Training in Previously Untrained Men With a Longitudinal Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (Running Study and Heart Trial)

Myocardial Adaptation to High-Intensity (Interval) Training in Previously Untrained Men With a Longitudinal Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (Running Study and Heart Trial)

Sex‐specific characteristics of cardiac function, geometry, and mass in young adult elite athletes

Sporto Šakos Įtaka 12-17 Metų Sportininkų Kairiojo Skilvelio Morfometrijai

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