Myenteric neuronal loss in rats with experimental colitis: Role of tissue transglutaminase-induced apoptosis

Sarnelli, Giovanni; Giorgio, Roberto De; Gentile, Fabrizio; Calı̀, Gaetano; Grandone, Ilenia; Rocco, Alba; Cosenza, V.; Cuomo, Rosario; D’Argenio, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.dld.2008.06.004

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…To identify neurons specifically infected with WNV in myenteric ganglia, tissues were double-stained with neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (Chemicon,Temecula, CA) and the 7H2 antibody. Secondary antibodies for both assays were Alexa-fluor® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG and Alexa Fluor 586 goat anti-mouse IgG (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) [61].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Hamsters Infected with West Nile Virus

et al. 2011

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Clinical studies and case reports clearly document that West Nile virus (WNV) can cause respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) complications. Other functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system may also be directly affected by WNV, such as bladder and cardiac functions. To investigate how WNV can cause autonomic dysfunctions, we focused on the cardiac and GI dysfunctions of rodents infected with WNV. Infected hamsters had distension of the stomach and intestines at day 9 after viral challenge. GI motility was detected by a dye retention assay; phenol red dye was retained more in the stomachs of infected hamsters as compared to sham-infected hamsters. The amplitudes of electromygraphs (EMGs) of intestinal muscles were significantly reduced. Myenteric neurons that innervate the intestines, in addition to neurons in the brain stem, were identified to be infected with WNV. These data suggest that infected neurons controlling autonomic function were the cause of GI dysfunction in WNV-infected hamsters. Using radiotelemetry to record electrocardiograms and to measure heart rate variability (HRV), a well-accepted readout for autonomic function, we determined that HRV and autonomic function were suppressed in WNV-infected hamsters. Cardiac histopathology was observed at day 9 only in the right atrium, which was coincident with WNV staining. A subset of WNV infected cells was identified among cells with hyperplarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4 (HCN4) as a marker for cells in the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes. The unique contribution of this study is the discovery that WNV infection of hamsters can lead to autonomic dysfunction as determined by reduced HRV and reduced EMG amplitudes of the GI tract. These data may model autonomic dysfunction of the human West Nile neurological disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Hamsters Infected with West Nile Virus

et al. 2011

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“…In addition, the neurotoxic insult was followed by rapid regeneration of axons from the surviving neurons. Inflammation was also associated with a significant loss of myenteric neurons in rats with TNBS-induced colitis [23]. …”

Section: Effects Of Inflammation On Enteric Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental colitis upregulates tTG and increases its activity in the ENS [23]. One week after TNBS-induction of colitis in rats, myenteric neurons display increased tTG compared to control and non-inflamed colon.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation in inflammatory bowel disease

Lakhan

Kirchgessner

2010

J Neuroinflammation

182

169

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic intestinal inflammatory condition, the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Gut inflammation causes significant changes in neurally controlled gut functions including cramping, abdominal pain, fecal urgency, and explosive diarrhea. These symptoms are caused, at least in part, by prolonged hyperexcitability of enteric neurons that can occur following the resolution of colitis. Mast, enterochromaffin and other immune cells are increased in the colonic mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease and signal the presence of inflammation to the enteric nervous system. Inflammatory mediators include 5-hydroxytryptamine and cytokines, as well as reactive oxygen species and the production of oxidative stress. This review will discuss the effects of inflammation on enteric neural activity and potential therapeutic strategies that target neuroinflammation in the enteric nervous system.

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“…In rats with induced colitis, myenteric neurons exhibited increased transglutaminase-immunoreactivity and enzyme expression. In cultured myenteric neurons, incubation with retinoic acid (a transglutaminase inducer) exhibited increased neuronal apoptosis, whereas addition of cystamine significantly reduced the number of apoptotic neurons [25]. In a similar fashion, the vanin-1/cysteamine pathway may contribute to islet beta cell protection from streptozotocin-induced death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of sulfur-containing compounds involved in the metabolism and transport of cysteamine and cystamine. Regional differences in cerebral metabolism

Pinto¹,

Khomenko²,

Szabó³

et al. 2009

Journal of Chromatography B

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An HPLC method with coulometric detection is presented for the quantitation of cysteamine, cystamine, thialysine, glutathione, glutathione disulfide and an oxidized metabolite of thialysine [S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine ketimine decarboxylated dimer (AECK-DD)]. The advantage of coulometric detection is that derivatization is unnecessary if the analyte is redox sensitive. The method was used to quantitate several sulfur-containing compounds in plasma and brain following gavage feeding of cysteamine to rats. Cysteamine, cystamine, thialysine and AECK-DD were detected in the brains of these animals. Interestingly, cysteamine treatment resulted in greatly elevated levels of cerebral methionine, despite the fact that cysteamine is not a precursor of methionine.

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Myenteric neuronal loss in rats with experimental colitis: Role of tissue transglutaminase-induced apoptosis

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Hamsters Infected with West Nile Virus

Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Hamsters Infected with West Nile Virus

Neuroinflammation in inflammatory bowel disease

Measurement of sulfur-containing compounds involved in the metabolism and transport of cysteamine and cystamine. Regional differences in cerebral metabolism

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