Myeloid sarcoma derived from the gastrointestinal tract: A case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Abstract. Myeloid sarcoma is a type of malignant neoplasm composed of myeloblasts that locates extramedullary. The present study reports the case of a 31-year-old female who presented with upper abdominal pain, melena, vomiting and jaundice. The abdominal computed tomography revealed a mass in gastric antrum area and possible infiltration of the duodenum, gallbladder and head of the pancreas, with possible retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis. The tumor grew quickly and led to serious obstructive jaundice. New masses developed in the bilateral orbits and left breast within 2 months of admission. The pathological results of the gastroscopic biopsy and the fine-needle biopsy of the breast revealed myeloid sarcoma. Transhepatic cholangial drainage, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were administered, but the disease reoccurred and became resistant to chemotherapy, so salvage allogenetic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was performed. The disease relapsed at 5 months post-transplantation, and chemotherapy and donor lymphocytes transfusions were then administered. The patient declined further treatment and succumbed to disease on May 19, 2015. The present study could improve the understanding of myeloid sarcoma and provide a reference for standardized and individualized treatments for this disease.

Review on gall bladder myeloid sarcoma: a great masquerader

“…Hence, sometimes despite the best clinical judgement, only the specimen examination confirms the diagnosis. Our review showed 5 cases out of 17 to have isolated GB-MS without any bone marrow involvement (14,(25)(26)(27)(28). Bartley et reported an interesting case of disseminated extramedullary myeloid tumor of the gallbladder but without involvement of the bone marrow (28).…”

Acute Myeloid Sarcoma: An Unusual Cause of Diarrhea

“…CT imaging can show various findings like single or multiple mass obstructing the lumen of the gut, or exophytic lesions involving the peritoneum [ 5 ]. Myeloid sarcoma has shown to involve various parts of the gastrointestinal tract like the oral cavity [ 6 ], esophagus, stomach, jejunum [ 7 ], gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas [ 8 ], colon [ 9 ], liver [ 10 ], appendix [ 11 ], and anal region [ 12 ]. Our patient presented with watery diarrhea and it is uncommon for myeloid sarcoma to present with common gastrointestinal symptoms [ 12 ].…”

An Unexpected Cause of Recurrent Jaundice after Resolution of Acute Hepatitis E

“…Treatment with systemic chemotherapy to achieve complete remission of MS followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is likely to achieve the best results as it is the case for AML [12][13][14]. Chevallier et al [13] assessed the outcome of 51 patients with MS who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) in a retrospective multicenter study.…”