Myelodysplastic syndrome transformed into Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (FAB:L3)

Abstract

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is recognized as a preleukaemic disorder with a variable risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukaemia. Usually the blast cells in leukaemia are transformed after MDS displays a myeloid phenotype. Even though lymphoid progression had been reported previously, most displayed myeloid-lymphoid hybrid or early B phenotype. We report a case of an elderly man who had MDS transformed into Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL:L3) which is a rare lymphoid transformation.

Transformation of Myelodysplastic Syndrome to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Child

“…However, evolution to acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been reported only occasionally in pediatric patients. 25 cases of MDS transforming to ALL have been reported in literature (Table 1) [6][7][8] of which only one patient was below 14 years of age. There was male predominance with 20 males and 5 females.…”

Transformation of Myelodysplastic Syndrome to T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Young Adult

“…Twenty-four cases of MDS transformation to ALL have been described in literature (Table 1) [1][2][3][4][5]. The median age of transformation was 65 years (15-78 years).…”

Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

“…The most significant causes of mortality in patients with MDS are BM failure and transformation to acute leukemia, which is almost always AML, with rare cases of acute precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) reported [57,58]. The overall incidence of transformation to AML in MDS is approximately 30% but varies significantly by subtype, being 25-35% for patients with RAEB and 2% for RA [59].…”