Mycotoxins in the Sorghum Grain Chain

Leslie, John F.

doi:10.1002/9781118832790.ch20

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Mycotoxin contamination of grain is not usually a major problem for sorghum, although it can occur ( Leslie, 2014 ). The three commonly recovered species in this survey, i.e., F. proliferatum , F. verticillioides , and F. thapsinum , all can produce fumonisins, although the amounts produced by F. thapsinum usually are quite small ( Desjardins, 2006 ; Leslie and Summerell, 2006 ; Leslie et al, 2005a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium Species from Sorghum in Thailand

2019

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium Species from Sorghum in Thailand

2019

Self Cite

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“…Pure isolated fungal colonies were harvested and mounted on microscope slides, stained with lactophenol cotton blue, and viewed under an optical microscope (Olympus CX40, Micro-Instruments New Zealand, Ltd). The identi cation of the fungal spp., including Fusarium spp., was achieved using the taxonomic keys and guides of [44] and [45]. On the other hand, the macro-and microscopic characteristics of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium and other fungal genera were identi ed following the identi cation keys of [46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Morphological Fungal Identi Cationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal diversity and contamination of some selected medicinal plants in South Africa

Oladeji,

Phoku,

Adelusi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Indigenous medicinal plants have gained attention worldwide for their ability to cure different ailments. However, there are concerns over the contamination of these plants by fungal species, which produce mycotoxins. This study investigated 36 different medicinal plants purchased from Faraday Muthi Market, Johannesburg, South Africa for fungal contamination using macro- and microscopic approaches, and their identities were confirmed by molecular means. The fungal loads of the mycoflora recovered from the medical plants ranged from 1.8 × 104 CFU/g to 2 × 107 CFU/g, exceeding the WHO regulatory limit of 1 x 103 CFU/g. Furthermore, a total of 164 fungal species from nine genera, including Aspergillus (39.6%), Penicillium (19.5%), and Fusarium (9.7%), other notable fungal genera such as Alternaria (5.5%), Mucor (5.4%), Rhizopus (5.4%), Chaetomium (4.2%), Cladosporium (3.6%), Emericella nidulans (3.6%) and Epicoccum (3.0%) were also recovered from the medicinal plants. Furthermore, A. niger (10.97%) was the most prevalent among all the identified fungal species. Consequently, consuming fungal-contaminated medicinal plants may increase the risk of exposure to fungal species, which might have a dire impact on human health. Therefore, this research underscores the importance of stringent quality control measures in the cultivation, harvesting, and processing of medicinal plants in South Africa and other African countries to mitigate fungal contamination risks.

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“…Estimates of mycotoxin contamination in the global food supply are as high as 25% and their toxic effects necessitate their removal for the safety of both animal and human consumption. 101,102 Microorganism-mediated biodegradation and expulsion of mycotoxins and their metabolites is well-documented, and has been applied to large-scale food production and agriculture systems where mycotoxin contamination of foodstuffs is a realized threat. 103 Biodegradation and removal of toxins in this fashion is thought to hold an advantage over chemical or physical means of mycotoxin removal, as they better conform to agency-specific standards on quality and nutrition of processed foodstuffs.…”

Section: Microbial Biodegradation Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…103 Biodegradation and removal of toxins in this fashion is thought to hold an advantage over chemical or physical means of mycotoxin removal, as they better conform to agency-specific standards on quality and nutrition of processed foodstuffs. 102 Milling of maize, for example, can result in fractional volumes of mycotoxin remaining in the germ or bran of the plant, whereas bacterial biodegradation of some mycotoxins can result in complete breakdown of the compounds to harmless byproducts. 102 Broadly, the detoxification of mycotoxins in the food supply can be either through bacterially facilitated binding and sequestration, or through bacterially derived enzymatic degradation into less volatile compounds.…”

Section: Microbial Biodegradation Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…102 Milling of maize, for example, can result in fractional volumes of mycotoxin remaining in the germ or bran of the plant, whereas bacterial biodegradation of some mycotoxins can result in complete breakdown of the compounds to harmless byproducts. 102 Broadly, the detoxification of mycotoxins in the food supply can be either through bacterially facilitated binding and sequestration, or through bacterially derived enzymatic degradation into less volatile compounds. 101 The latter system of detoxification is a product of ligninolytic enzyme systems, bacterial and fungal-derived enzymes with broad substrate specificity such as laccase, lignin peroxidase and/or manganese peroxidase.…”

Section: Microbial Biodegradation Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The intestinal microbiota as mediators between dietary contaminants and host health

Cox,

Bomstein,

Jayaraman

et al. 2023

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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The gut microbiota sit at an important interface between the host and the environment, and are exposed to a multitude of nutritive and non-nutritive substances. These microbiota are critical to maintaining host health, but their supportive roles may be compromised in response to endogenous compounds. Numerous non-nutritive substances are introduced through contaminated foods, with three common groups of contaminants being bisphenols, phthalates, and mycotoxins. The former contaminants are commonly introduced through food and/or beverages packaged in plastic, while mycotoxins contaminate various crops used to feed livestock and humans alike. Each group of contaminants have been shown to shift microbial communities following exposure; however, specific patterns in microbial responses have yet to be identified, and little is known about the capacity of the microbiota to metabolize these contaminants. This review characterizes the state of existing research related to gut microbial responses to and biotransformation of bisphenols, phthalates, and mycotoxins. Collectively, we highlight the need to identify consistent, contaminant-specific responses in microbial shifts, whether these community alterations are a result of contaminant effects on the host or microbiota directly, and to identify the extent of contaminant biotransformation by microbiota, including if these transformations occur in physiologically relevant contexts.

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Mycotoxins in the Sorghum Grain Chain

Cited by 9 publications

References 90 publications

Fusarium Species from Sorghum in Thailand

Fusarium Species from Sorghum in Thailand

Fungal diversity and contamination of some selected medicinal plants in South Africa

The intestinal microbiota as mediators between dietary contaminants and host health

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