Mycotoxins in Serum and 24‐h Urine of Vegans and Omnivores from the Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet (RBVD) Study

Penczynski, Katharina J.; Cramer, Benedikt; Dietrich, Suzanne W.; Humpf, Hans‐Ulrich; Abraham, Klaus; Weikert, Cornelia

doi:10.1002/mnfr.202100874

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These types of studies are particularly problematic in multicultural societies, such as Canada and the U.S.A., where a “representative” diet could be very different when sampled across the continent or even across town. There is also a movement away from meat to plant-based alternatives, of which the impact on mycotoxin exposure is unknown . In Europe, it is known that, e.g., celiacs, for instance, have higher exposure to, e.g., Fusarium toxins …”

Section: Human Exposureregulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also a movement away from meat to plant-based alternatives, of which the impact on mycotoxin exposure is unknown. 24 In Europe, it is known that, e.g., celiacs, for instance, have higher exposure to, e.g., Fusarium toxins. 25 The established provisional maximum tolerable daily intake limit (PMTDI) from the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants for DON plus the two acetates is 1 μg/kg of body weight per day.…”

Section: ■ Human Exposure�regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Deoxynivalenol Challenge

Sumarah

2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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This perspective examines four of the primary challenges that the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) presents to farmers, producers, and consumers. DON is one of the big five agriculturally important mycotoxins, resulting from Fusarium infection on grains, such as maize, barley, and wheat. In many countries, such as Canada, DON is the mycotoxin of principal concern because it can lead to major economic losses and stresses on food and feed security. The challenges discussed here include (1) understanding the different toxin profiles of Fusarium graminearum chemotypes/genotypes and the fate of these toxins upon interaction with the host crop, (2) the need for rapid analytical tests to measure DON and any masked or modified toxins in food and feed products, (3) DON exposure assessments in human populations to ensure health and safety, and (4) how contaminated food and feed products can be managed throughout the supply chain system. Despite decades of research, we are continuously learning new knowledge about DON and how best to manage it; however, there is still much work to be done. DON poses a very complex challenge that is being further exacerbated by climate change, evolving fungal populations, and the increased need for global food security.

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Section: Human Exposureregulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Human Exposure�regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Deoxynivalenol Challenge

Sumarah

2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…As a matter of fact, it must be noticed that shifting toward meat imitates can lead to a substantial change of exposure to certain food contaminants compared to an omnivore diet, as reported by several authors (LeBlanc et al 2005;Penczynski et al 2022). In particular, Penczynski et al (2022) pointed out a significantly higher exposure to OTA in vegans compared to omnivores based on human biomonitoring (both in urine and blood). Starting from the dietary recall data, the authors discussed the potential association of this increased exposure to the higher consumption of bean-based food in the vegan population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Moreover, due to recent findings that indicate a higher exposure to OTA for vegans than omnivores (Penczynski et al 2022), the RA took into consideration only vegetarians and vegans by completely replacing mammals and poultry meat with soy. Due to the difficulties in performing a partial replacement of meat consumption and the lack of inclusion of soy-based products in the INRAN-SCAI 2005-2006 dietary survey, omnivore and flexitarian exposure was not included in this study.…”

Section: Sources Of Uncertainty and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Mycotoxin-related Health Impact of Shifting from Meat-based Diets to Soy-based Meat Analogues in a Model Scenario Based on Italian Consumption Data

2022

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The aim of this study was to assess the risk of replacing meat with plant-based analogues with respect to mycotoxin exposure, as a proof of concept to demonstrate the need for a proper regulatory framework for mycotoxins in meat imitates. Hence, we considered a full replacement of meat consumption with soy-based meat analogues and we evaluated the exposure to AFB1 and OTA, based on the Italian National Food Consumption Survey INRAN-SCAI 2005–2006 and the European Food Safety Authority occurrence data. The overall health impact from soy-based food consumption and a meat-free diet was quantified in terms of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in three different contamination and consumption scenarios. The substitution of meat products with soy-based imitates would prevent up to 406.2 colorectal cancer cases/year/country associated with 532 healthy years of life. However, we also determined an increased risk of liver cancer and loss of healthy life-years due to AFB1 exposure and a potential risk of renal cancer as due to an increased intake of OTA, leading up to 1208 extra cancer cases associated with the loss of 12,080 healthy life-years/country. Shifting to a plant-based diet actually eliminates a cancer risk factor such as processed meat, however, higher and unexpected risks could arise if mycotoxins are not properly regulated in plant-based meat alternatives. Taking into account the ubiquitous occurrence of mycotoxins, also in the light of climate change, and the growing trend toward plant-based meat analogues, greater importance should be given to actual food consumption trends and correlated with updated natural toxins regulations and risk assessments. Graphical abstract

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“…It must be noticed that shifting towards meat imitates can also pose a risk for consumers' health considering the substantial change of exposure to certain food contaminants it may be responsible for compared to an omnivore diet as reported by several authors (LeBlanc et al 2005, Penczynski et al 2022). In particular, Penczynski et al (2022) pointed out a signi cantly higher exposure to OTA in vegans compared to omnivores based on human biomonitoring (both in urine and blood). Starting from the dietary recall data, the authors discussed the potential association of this increased exposure to the higher consumption of bean-based food in the vegetarian population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting from traditional to alternative diets may increase the exposure to mycotoxins: a risk-benefit assessment for soy-based meat alternatives

Mihalache

Dellafiora

Dall’Asta

2022

Preprint

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The aim of this study was to use a risk-benefit assessment (RBA) of replacing meat with plant-based analogues with respect to mycotoxin exposure, as a proof of concept to demonstrate the need for a proper regulatory framework for mycotoxins in meat imitates. Hence, we considered a full replacement of meat consumption with soy-based products, based on the Italian National Food Consumption Survey INRAN-SCAI 2005-06. The overall health impact from soy-based food consumption was quantified in terms of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in three different consumption scenarios. The substitution of meat products with soy-based imitates would lead to an increased risk of liver cancer and loss of healthy life-years due to AFB1 exposure and also potential risk of renal cancer as due to an increased intake of OTA, leading up to 1,208 extra cancer cases associated with the loss of 12,080 healthy life-years/country, largely overweighting the associated benefit. Taking into account the ubiquitous occurrence of mycotoxins, also in the light of climate change, and the growing trend towards plant-based meat analogues, greater importance should be given to actual food consumption trends and correlated with updated natural toxins regulations and risk assessments.

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Mycotoxins in Serum and 24‐h Urine of Vegans and Omnivores from the Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet (RBVD) Study

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

The Deoxynivalenol Challenge

The Deoxynivalenol Challenge

Assessing the Mycotoxin-related Health Impact of Shifting from Meat-based Diets to Soy-based Meat Analogues in a Model Scenario Based on Italian Consumption Data

Shifting from traditional to alternative diets may increase the exposure to mycotoxins: a risk-benefit assessment for soy-based meat alternatives

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