Mycotoxins in Feeds and Foods

Borker, Emanuel; Insalata, N. F.; Levi, Colette P; Witzeman, J. S.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70499-4

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Certain strains of Aspergillusflavus capable 79 80 M. A. RAJION AND D. J. FARRELL of elaborating the toxin or the toxin itself, are widespread in animal foodstuffs (Borker et al, 1966;Wogan, 1968;Bryden et al, 1975). Effects based on in vitro studies, are confined mainly to liver function and particularly; to a reduction in the rate of protein synthesis (Wogan, 1969) but there is no published evidence of effects of the toxin on energy and nitrogen (N) metabolism of chickens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and nitrogen metabolism of diseased chickens: Aflatoxicosis

Rajion

Farrell

1976

British Poultry Science

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1. New Hampshire chicks were fed on diets containing 0 (control), 0-7 (A), or 1-1 (B) ppm of aflatoxin B1. In two trials 1-d-old chicks were offered ad libitum the three diets for 14 d. The gaseous exchange of five chickens from each group was measured for 3 or 4 d, the same diets being fed, at 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks of age in two series of experiments. The controls were fed at the lower intake of the two other groups. Following each series of experiments at the various ages, birds were starved for 24 h and their heat production was re-measured over the next 24 h. 2. Mortality was highest and growth and food conversion poorest where the diet with the highest aflatoxin concentration was fed. Mortality was confined to the first 2 weeks. 3. Performance of birds in the chambers was improved in the second series due to differences in food intake. It also improved with age suggesting some resistance to the toxin. 4. Mean respiratory quotient was 0-97 for fed chickens on diet B. This was significantly different from 0-92 for the two other groups. Similarly, during starvation the RQ was 0-76 compared with 0-73. 5. birds fed on diet B generally grew better, retained more nitrogen and had a better energy balance in the respiration chambers than the other two groups. Metabolisability of dietary energy was less (68.5%) for all groups at 2 to 3 weeks than when older (70%) but availability of ME was the same (71%) for all groups. 6. Heat production (kJ/kg0-75) of starved birds on diet B was significantly lower than the other two groups, while endogenous nitrogen excretion was higher. 7. Water consumption (ml/g food and g/100 g body weight) was greatest for birds on diet B. 8. Although aflatoxin in the diet substantially reduced intake there was no indication that at these reduced levels of intake, nitrogen or energy metabolism were measurably impaired.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and nitrogen metabolism of diseased chickens: Aflatoxicosis

Rajion

Farrell

1976

British Poultry Science

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“…O problema das toxinas produzidas por fungos, inclusive a aflatoxina, foi motivo de diversas revisões, algumas abordando as micotoxicoses, outras os metabólitos cancerígenos de fungos e ainda a ocorrência e formação das micotoxinas em meios naturais (FORGACS & CARLL, 1962;KRAY-BILL & SfflMKIN, 1964;WOGAN, 1965;BORKER et al, 1966, BARNES, 1967.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Espécies de Aspergillus produtoras de aflatoxina, na região Araraquarense, SP

Fonseca¹,

Filho²,

Nery³

et al. 1974

An. Esc. Super. Agric. Luiz de Queiroz

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RESUMONo presente trabalho foram isoladas, e estudadas quanto à produção de aflatoxina, espécies do gênero Aspergillus, principalmente as linhagens de A. flavus ocorrentes na região Araraquarense.O isolamento, seguindo métodos usuais em microbiologia, foram executados em amostras de amendoim, provenientes de duas épocas do ano, ou seja, da safra das «águas» e da safra da «seca».Após o isolamento as culturas foram classificadas. Dessa classificação pôde-se obter: 102 culturas de A. flavus; 4 culturas de A. oryzae; var. effusus; 2 culturas de A. oryzae; 2 culturas de A. parasiticus e 1 cultura do Grupo A. ochraceus. Durante os trabalhos 4 culturas foram perdidas, dessa forma foram estudadas realmente 107 culturas.Todas as culturas, a seguir, foram estudadas para a verificação de sua habilidade em produzir aflatoxina. A extração da toxina foi feita no micélio e no meio de cultura, usando-se técnicas padrões.A separação dos metabólitos foi feita em placas de camada delgada de silicagel, usando-se como solvente o benzeno-acetato de etila-etnol e quantificadas sob luz ultra-violeta.Analisando-se as 107 culturas de Aspergillus, notou-se que apenas 33 delas (31%) produziram aflatoxina, sendo que destas, 4 pro¬ duriram apenas no meio de cultura, enquanto que duas produziram aflatoxina apenas no micélio.Observando-se ainda o comportamento das culturas que produziram aflatoxina, verificou-se que a produção da toxina no micélio foi muito maior que no meio da cultura, algumas produzindo elevadas quantidades (até 400 ppm de B 1 e 300 ppm de G 1 ).* Agradecemos à FAPESP pelo auxílio financeiro concedido para a realização da pesquisa.Entregue para publicação em 27/12/1974.

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“…Lee (1965), proposed a method involving direct chloroform extraction of the toxins from peanut products in the presence of small amounts of water. He found that this method was very rapid, and that recovery was equal to the more lengthy, Since the objective of most workers in the U.S. has been to develop a rapid, sensitive procedure suitable for the analysis of many samples, the American methods differed from those used in Europe (Borker et , 1966). When rapid analytical methods were employed, high speed blenders or shakers were used in place of Soxhlet extractors.…”

Section: Physiochemical Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence in the extract of interfering materials, such as pigments or lipids, often necessitates a purification step prior to analysis. There has been a great deal published on the sub ject of methods for analysis of aflatoxins; these have been summarized in detail in several recent reviews (Borker, et al, 1966;Marth, 1967;Ciegler and Lillehoj, 1968).…”

Section: Analysis and Assay Of Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and aflatoxin production by selected aspergilli on cured and aged meats

Bullerman

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Mycotoxins in Feeds and Foods

Cited by 36 publications

References 63 publications

Energy and nitrogen metabolism of diseased chickens: Aflatoxicosis

Energy and nitrogen metabolism of diseased chickens: Aflatoxicosis

Espécies de Aspergillus produtoras de aflatoxina, na região Araraquarense, SP

Growth and aflatoxin production by selected aspergilli on cured and aged meats

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