Mycotoxins as Emerging Contaminants. Introduction to the Special Issue “Rapid Detection of Mycotoxin Contamination”

Székacs, András

doi:10.3390/toxins13070475

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The approach involves the collection of water samples which are often concentrated by some form of phase extraction (e.g., solidor liquid-phase extraction techniques) and then completed with a solvent such as DMSO (GWRC 2020b). This is useful as mycotoxins in water bodies have been identified as emerging contaminants to be given more attention, particularly with respect to drinking water sources (Mhlongo et al 2019;Székács 2021). As such, future direction with this project can involve the application of these in vitro assays to investigate the same endocrine endpoints from mycotoxins present in surface and drinking water samples, especially the estrogenic activity of ZEN compounds.…”

Section: Donmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites, such as α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), are another group of common food contaminants (Ropejko and Twarużek 2021). While the occurrence of these mycotoxins in food crops and feed has been extensively studied, increasing attention has been given to the fact that fungi and mycotoxins also occur in surface and drinking waters (Al-Gabr et al 2014;Bucheli et al 2008;Gromadzka et al 2009;Hageskal et al 2009;Jaro et al 2015;Kolpin et al 2014;Oliveira et al 2018;Székács 2021). ZEN, for instance, has been reported at concentrations ranging from 0.5 up to 80.6 ng/L in different surface water types (Bucheli et al 2008;Gromadzka et al 2009;Maragos 2012;Waśkiewicz et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estrogenic, androgenic, and genotoxic activities of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in in vitro bioassays including exogenous metabolic activation

Yu,

Oskarsson,

Alexander

et al. 2024

Mycotoxin Res

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Zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) and their derivatives are well-known mycotoxins, which can occur not only in crops but also in water bodies, including drinking water sources. In vitro bioassays can be used to detect biological effects of hazardous compounds in water. To this, when studying biological effects and toxicity in vitro, metabolism is important to consider. In this study, ZEN, α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), DON, 3-acetyl DON, and 15-acetyl DON were evaluated in vitro for hormone receptor–mediated effects (estrogen receptor [ER] and androgen receptor [AR]) and genotoxicity (micronucleus assay) in the presence of an exogenous metabolic activation system (MAS). The ER bioassay proved to be a highly sensitive method to detect low concentrations of the ZEN compounds (EC10 values of 31.4 pM for ZEN, 3.59 pM for α-ZEL) in aqueous solutions. In the presence of the MAS, reduced estrogenic effects were observed for both ZEN compounds (EC10 values of 6.47 × 103 pM for ZEN, 1.55 × 102 pM for α-ZEL). Of the DON compounds, only 3-acetyl DON was estrogenic (EC10 of 0.31 µM), and the effect was removed in the presence of the MAS. Anti-androgenic effects of the ZEN compounds and androgenic effects of the DON compounds were detected in the micromolar range. No induction of genotoxicity was detected for ZEN or DON in the presence of the MAS. Our study highlighted that inclusion of exogenous MAS is a useful tool to detect biological effects of metabolites in in vitro bioassays.

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Section: Donmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogenic, androgenic, and genotoxic activities of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in in vitro bioassays including exogenous metabolic activation

Yu,

Oskarsson,

Alexander

et al. 2024

Mycotoxin Res

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“…One example is per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which have been reported in drinking water sources and systems globally in recent years (Domingo and Nadal, 2019). Another example is toxins formed by aquatic fungi and algae, such as mycotoxins and cyanotoxins (Székács, 2021). The most recently published waterborne disease surveillance data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that cyanotoxins caused 12% of reported US waterborne disease cases (Benedict et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of Disease from Contaminated Drinking Water in Countries with High Access to Safely Managed Water: A Systematic Review

Lee

Gibson

Brown

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundThe vast majority of residents of high-income countries (>90%) reportedly have high access to safely managed drinking water, the highest level of service under the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) framework. Owing perhaps to the widely held perception of near universal access to high-quality water services in these countries, the burden of waterborne disease in these contexts is understudied.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of estimates of the disease burden attributed to drinking water in countries where >90% of the population has access to safely managed drinking water per official SDG monitoring. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS for articles published before September 10, 2021.FindingsWe identified 24 studies reporting estimates for the disease burden attributable to microbial contaminants. Across these studies, the population-weighted average burden of gastrointestinal illness risks attributed to drinking water was about 3,529 annual cases per 100,000 people. Beyond exposure to infectious agents, we also identified 10 studies reporting disease burden, predominantly, cancer risks, associated with chemical contaminants. Across these studies, the pooled population-weighted average of excess cancer cases attributable to drinking water was 1.8 annual cancer cases per 100,000 people.InterpretationThese estimates exceed WHO-recommended normative targets for disease burden attributable to drinking water and highlight that there remains important preventable disease burden in these contexts. However, the available literature was scant and limited in geographic scope, disease outcomes, range of microbial and chemical contaminants, and inclusion of subpopulations that could most benefit from water infrastructure investments. These subpopulations include rural, low-income communities; Indigenous or Aboriginal peoples; and populations marginalized due to discrimination by race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Studies quantifying drinking water-associated disease burden in countries with reportedly high access to safe drinking water, with a focus on specific subpopulations and promoting environmental justice, are needed.Research in contextEvidence before this studyAlthough the burden of disease associated with unsafe drinking water in low- and middle-income countries has been subject of much research, there is uncertainty about the magnitude and nature of this disease burden in high-income countries and countries where access to safely managed drinking water is >90%. To assess the magnitude of this burden in countries with high levels of access to high quality water, we conducted a systematic review of estimates of the disease burden attributed to drinking water in countries where >90% of the population has access to safely managed drinking water as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS for relevant articles published before September 10, 2021. We searched for articles including “burden of disease” OR “disease burden” OR “gastrointestinal illness” anywhere in the text. From among these articles, we selected those with the terms “drinking water” OR “tap water.” From this reduced set, we selected articles reporting on countries with >90% safe water access and including estimates of cases, hospitalizations, or deaths related to drinking water contamination. Additional articles were identified from consultations with subject-matter experts. Only articles in English were recovered, which may have biased our results towards specific countries.Added value of this studyTo our knowledge, this is the first global review of its kind to identify burden of waterborne disease estimates associated with microbiological contaminants as well as chemical contaminants found in drinking water, specifically in countries with reportedly high access (>90%) to safely managed drinking water. Despite the perception that high quality water is ubiquitous in these countries, we found that burden estimates in these countries exceeded WHO-recommended targets for disease burden attributable to unsafe drinking water. This review also highlighted the gaps in our understanding of waterborne disease burden across and within countries where access to high quality drinking water is common.Implications of all the available evidenceEven though the levels of access to safely managed drinking water are high in many high-income and some middle-income countries, there remains a potentially important preventable disease burden in these high-income countries. Our review suggests that further burden research expanding the scope of contaminants, disease outcomes, geographic area, and vulnerable subpopulations within countries is necessary. Currently, available evidence is insufficient to support rational decision-making and to prioritize public investment to protect the health of marginalized communities. These groups include rural, low-income communities; Indigenous or Aboriginal peoples; and populations marginalized due to discrimination by race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.

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“…A rapid, low-cost, high-throughput analytical approach for mycotoxin detection is a need at the industry level to make rapid management decisions on the acceptance or rejection of a lot [ 6 ]. The need for rapid methods and criteria to be considered for validation of methods to be used for mycotoxin detection were topics discussed in a “Special Issue: Rapid methods for mycotoxin detection” and “Special Issue: Rapid Detection of Mycotoxin Contamination” published in World Mycotoxin Journal and Toxins, respectively [ 15 , 16 ]. Within rapid methods, electronic nose (e-nose) may represent an attractive and promising method for mycotoxin detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Nose Technology for Mycotoxin Detection in Feed: Ready for a Real Context in Field Application or Still an Emerging Technology?

Cheli

Ottoboni

Fumagalli

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Mycotoxin risk in the feed supply chain poses a concern to animal and human health, economy, and international trade of agri-food commodities. Mycotoxin contamination in feed and food is unavoidable and unpredictable. Therefore, monitoring and control are the critical points. Effective and rapid methods for mycotoxin detection, at the levels set by the regulations, are needed for an efficient mycotoxin management. This review provides an overview of the use of the electronic nose (e-nose) as an effective tool for rapid mycotoxin detection and management of the mycotoxin risk at feed business level. E-nose has a high discrimination accuracy between non-contaminated and single-mycotoxin-contaminated grain. However, the predictive accuracy of e-nose is still limited and unsuitable for in-field application, where mycotoxin co-contamination occurs. Further research needs to be focused on the sensor materials, data analysis, pattern recognition systems, and a better understanding of the needs of the feed industry for a safety and quality management of the feed supply chain. A universal e-nose for mycotoxin detection is not realistic; a unique e-nose must be designed for each specific application. Robust and suitable e-nose method and advancements in signal processing algorithms must be validated for specific needs.

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Mycotoxins as Emerging Contaminants. Introduction to the Special Issue “Rapid Detection of Mycotoxin Contamination”

Abstract: Concerns for human and environmental health regarding mycotoxins are predominantly raised in connection with their occurrence in food and feed (especially in grains) [...]

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Estrogenic, androgenic, and genotoxic activities of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in in vitro bioassays including exogenous metabolic activation

Estrogenic, androgenic, and genotoxic activities of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in in vitro bioassays including exogenous metabolic activation

Burden of Disease from Contaminated Drinking Water in Countries with High Access to Safely Managed Water: A Systematic Review

E-Nose Technology for Mycotoxin Detection in Feed: Ready for a Real Context in Field Application or Still an Emerging Technology?

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