Mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal flora disorders, dysfunction and organ damage in broilers and pigs

Deoxynivalenol: Emerging Toxic Mechanisms and Control Strategies, Current and Future Perspectives

“…99 Moreover, chronic ingestion of DON can reshape the structure of the intestinal microbiota and drastically disturb the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Lactobacillus, resulting in dysbiosis. 100,101 Therefore, altering the structure of the gut microbiota and the metabolic capacity of DON is crucial for DON-induced intestinal toxicity. On the other hand, intestinal microbiota can stabilize mitochondrial energy metabolism and epithelial homeostasis through microbial metabolites, such as butyrate, short-chain fatty acids, and secondary bile acids.…”

“…The microbiota in the jejunum can transform 15-Ac-DON . Moreover, chronic ingestion of DON can reshape the structure of the intestinal microbiota and drastically disturb the abundance of Bacteroidetes , Firmicutes , and Lactobacillus , resulting in dysbiosis. , Therefore, altering the structure of the gut microbiota and the metabolic capacity of DON is crucial for DON-induced intestinal toxicity. On the other hand, intestinal microbiota can stabilize mitochondrial energy metabolism and epithelial homeostasis through microbial metabolites, such as butyrate, short-chain fatty acids, and secondary bile acids. − DON exposure disrupts the composition of intestinal microbiota and the changes in metabolites, thereby altering the signal transduction between the microbiota and the mitochondria, which may be another mechanism involved in DON-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction .…”

Screening-Capture-Integrated Electrochemiluminescent Aptasensor Based on Mesoporous Silica Nanochannels for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat

“…Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is also known as vomitoxin, mainly originates from Fusarium , particularly Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, and is a toxic and common mycotoxin. − DON widely exists in nature and frequently pollutes wheat, corn, barley, and other cereals. − In addition, DON remains stable during cereal storage and is relatively resistant to food processing technologies; therefore, it can persist in foods consumed by humans and livestock . Owing to its high cytotoxicity and immunosuppressive properties, DON poses a health risk to humans and animals, particularly because of its impact on immune function. , When humans and animals ingest high doses of DON, acute symptoms of toxicity, such as diarrhea, vomiting, and fever, can occur, causing death in severe cases. , Consequently, many countries have issued strict standards specifying the maximum levels of DON residue in food. For example, the limit of DON in unprocessed cereals in the European Union (EU) is 1750 μg/kg (the Commission of the European Communities, 2006).…”

“…Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is an electrochemical detection technology that combines electrochemistry and chemiluminescence . Because of its characteristics of high sensitivity and simple operation, ECL has attracted considerable attention in the field of biosensing. − Although a few studies have been recently conducted on the use of ECL sensors to detect DON, only one of them was based on an ECL aptasensor. , You et al prepared Ti 3 C 2 dots/Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets (TDTN) using a solvothermal method based on zero-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 dots and two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets . Using TDTN as the ECL emitter, an ECL biosensor was constructed and successfully applied for detecting DON in milk samples.…”

“…8,9 When humans and animals ingest high doses of DON, acute symptoms of toxicity, such as diarrhea, vomiting, and fever, can occur, causing death in severe cases. 10,11 Consequently, many countries have issued strict standards specifying the maximum levels of DON residue in food. For example, the limit of DON in unprocessed cereals in the European Union (EU) is 1750 μg/kg (the Commission of the European Communities, 2006).…”